Growth performance of broiler chickens of turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) turmeric aqueous extract

The effects of Turmeric Powder extract (TPE) on the growth performance of broiler chicken were evaluated in the 5-week study. On 240-day-old chicks weighing 40.9g, levels were supplemented with turmeric powder extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken. In conclusion, there was increased final live weight and weight gain, a better feed conversion ratio (FRC), and body and feed intake with the highest TPE on water. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of TP in the diets. It was concluded that levels supplemented with turmeric powder Extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken appear to act as a growth promoter with no adverse effect on health status.


INTRODUCTION
In poultry production, herbs have become a potential antibiotic substitute in poultry nutrition 1 .Alternatives to replace antibiotics are called phytogenic feed additives, including probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and essential oils.Phytogenic growth promoters mainly enhanced gut health for optimum functioning 2 .Turmeric supplementation stimulates the bird's digestive system by promoting intestinal lipase, maltase, and sucrose activities and the secretions of pancreatic amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin activities 3 .The findings showed improved body weight gain and FCR turmeric supplementation 4 .The supplementation of curcumin increased the villus height and width and increased epithelial cells in all segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of the small intestine of the digestive system .This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of different levels of turmeric powder extract additive in water on broiler chickens' growth performance and production during the study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted in.Karbala, College of Agriculture, Department.Animal.Production was from 15/3/2021 to 20/4/2021.Two hundred forty-one-day-old chicks were used, and the average body was.Weight was 40.9 g. of Ross 308 breed.The duration of the study was 5 weeks.Chickens were distributed randomly for four treatments and three replications of each treatment.Each treatment contained 60 chicks.The temperature is fixed at about 34-35 °C in the first week and then decreases gradually to 2.3 °C per week until it reaches 21 -23 °C.The illumination regime was a 12-hour light-dark cycle.

Preparation of the aqueous extract and method of use:
Turmeric was obtained from local markets, and the aqueous extract was made according to the modified Hernandez method by mixing an amount of powder with a volume of distilled water in a ratio of 1 g/ 2 ml of water and mixing them with a mixer.The solution then was presented in a water bath to a temperature of 60 degrees.C-For an hour, the solution is left, and then the solution is left overnight at room temperature.Then, the clear solution is filtered.by sterile gauze before using determined ingredients by analysis and using NRC 9

RESULTS
The results in Table 1 show the influence of fortification aqueous extract of turmeric powder on broiler chickens' average body life weight During the trial period of 1 -35 days.The results differed significantly at P˂0.05 in the mean of the weight of the body of the added treatments.The extraction of turmeric for chicken water compared to a comparison.Treatment.The significant increase in body weight continued during the breeding period.However, a significant increase was found in the fourth treatment, outperforming the rest of the additional treatments.This result agreed with researcher 10, who found a significant improvement in the productive properties of chicks added with different turmeric levels compared to control chickens.T. T1: control treatment without addition.K2: The second treatment is adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water.3: A third treatment by adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water.K4: The fourth treatment.Averages ± Standard Error.Table 3 shows the effect of adding the aqueous extract to turmeric powder on the food conversion factor during the experiment.There was a significant improvement in the feed conversion factor for the fourth treatment compared with the control treatment.T. T1: control treatment without addition.K2: The second treatment is adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water.3: A third treatment by adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water.K4: The fourth treatment. .Averages ± Standard Error.

Table 3. Effect of adding turmeric extract on the food conversion factor.
Table 4. Effect of adding the aqueous extraction to turmeric powder on the rate of weight gain during the experiment period, where we did not find significant differences in the weekly weight gain rate of the extracted treatments compared to the control treatment, while in the second week, there were significant differences among the experimental treatments and control.There were significant differences among experimental treatments in the third and fourth weeks..01 4 T. T1: control treatment without addition.K2: The second treatment is adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water.3: A third treatment by adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water.K4: The fourth treatment.Averages ± Standard Error.

Table 4. The effect of adding turmeric extract on weight gain
Table 5: The effect of using the aqueous extract of turmeric powder on the relative growth rate during the experiment period, where there was an improvement in the relative growth rate of the treatments added to the turmeric extract to chicken water compared to the control.T. T1: control treatment without addition.K2: The second treatment is adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water.3: A third treatment by adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water.K4: The fourth treatment.Averages ± Standard Error.

Table 5. The effect of adding turmeric extract on the relative growth of chicks
Table 6 shows the effect of using the aqueous extraction of turmeric powder on the water consumption rate during the experiment period, as there were significant differences in the water consumption rate of the extract treatments compared with the control.T. T1: control treatment without addition.K2: The second treatment is adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water.3: A third treatment by adding an aqueous turmeric powder extract at a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water.K4: The fourth treatment.Averages ± Standard Error.

DISCUSSION
The improvement in the productive traits of chickens for broilers to which the aqueous turmeric extract was added to water during the experimental period may be attributed to the presence of active compounds in the extract.At high levels, especially Hydrolysable phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, which help improve the digestion of nutrients by stimulating the secretion of digestive enzymes, which enhances the digestion of the food intake, and this, in turn, helps improve the overall growth of broilers.This result agrees with researcher 11 , who found significant differences P≤0.05 in the final average body weight and the mean weight gain of turmeric-supplemented treatments during the rearing period.This also agrees with researcher 12. who found significant improvements of P˂0.05 in the weight gain rate of the treatment supplemented with turmeric compared to the control during the Breeding period.The active substances present in turmeric also act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, which improve the functioning of the alimentary canal in the absorption of nutrients 13 and consequently lead to an increase in feed consumption for birds, and this is consistent with the findings of the researcher 10 ., which found a significant improvement, P˂0.05, in the rate of feed consumption for the treatment supplemented with turmeric water extract compared with the control treatment during the rearing period.As well as to the role of turmeric in the moral increase of the physiological structure of the small intestine in terms of the height of the villi and its surface area, and the villi rose to the depth of the Rajput crypts) 14 .(Turmeric works to improve the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria that are initially inside the small intestine of birds, which is positively reflected in improving the rate of food consumption and the health status of birds 15 , improving the food conversion factor, which agrees with the researcher 16 , which found a significant improvement of P˂0.05 in the feed conversion factor of the turmeric-supplemented treatment.Compared with the control during the rearing period, we conclude the role of turmeric extract in improving the environment of the alimentary canal in food digestion and increasing the absorption of nutrients, which leads to significant productivity improvement traits of chickens.

CONCLUSIONS
The study investigated the effects of feeding aqueous turmeric extract to broiler chickens.The results showed that the extract significantly positively affected the chickens' growth rate, feed intake, and food conversion ratio.These effects were likely due to active compounds in the extract, such as hydrolyzable phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins.These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and they can improve the functioning of the alimentary canal to improve nutrient absorption and digestion.The extract also positively affected the growth of beneficial bacteria in the small intestine of the chickens, which further enhanced their nutrient absorption and overall health.

Table 1 . This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near the first time they are cited.
Clinical Biotec, Universidad Católica del Oriente (UCO) and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH)

Transaction first week second week third week fourth week fifth week
Clinical Biotec, Universidad Católica del Oriente (UCO) and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH)