1. Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali

Comparative study of effect to adding different levels of" Chenopodium quinoa seed "powder to the diet and" vitamin C "to drinking water" on "some biochemical" traits "of blood serum" to broilers Ross 308

Abstract: “This experiment was conducted in the poultry" field "of the" Department of "Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for" the period "1/10"/2021 until 4/11/2021.The study aimed to add different levels of Chenopodium quinoa seed "powder to the diet and" vitamin C "to" the "drinking water" to know "the" best levels of quinoa seed powder to the diet that can be used in poultry diets. "In the experiment, 225 unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308") were used, distributed randomly to 15 (cages) with 5 experimental treatments for "each treatment" of "45 birds, and each treatment" included "three replicates" for "each replicate of 15 birds. The" "experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment: control treatment" (basic diet "free of" any addition, whether in feed or drinking water). The second treatment: add 12 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed, the third treatment: add 14 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed, the fourth treatment: add 16 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed, the fifth treatment: add 300 mg of vitamin C/liter of drinking water. The results of the experiment showed a significantly excelled (P≤0.05) for the "third, fourth, and fifth treatments" in total protein "concentration compared to the first treatment" (control). As for "the concentration of" albumin and globulin, no significant differences were recorded among all treatments. "As for the concentration of" cholesterol and low-"density lipoproteins, the second, third", fourth, and fifth "treatments" showed "a significant decrease (P≤0.05") compared to "the" first treatment (control) "and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration" of high-density lipoproteins.

Keywords:  Chenopodium quinoa seed ,  vitamin C , biochemical traits , broilers Ross 308

2. Farah Hadi Abdul Hussain

Evaluation of the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana filtrate in controlling the beetle Everts Tragoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in vitro

Abstract  The present study was performed for the purpose of testing the impacts of the fungus B. bassiana filtrate, at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75%, on the larvae of the second and fourth instars of T. granarium. The study showed the superiority of the fungus filtrate at the concentration of 75% when treating the larvae of the second and fourth instars, with mortality rate values of 45.0% and 33.3%, respectively, after 7 days of treatment. and diagnosis of sereval chemical compounds of different chemical groups for the filtrate fungus B .bassiana using the GC mass

Key words: Tragoderma ganarium; Beauveria bassiana; GC mass

3. Zaman Razak Barhi

Effects of crude alkaloid compounds extract of Ammi majus leaves and flowers on some aspects of biological performance Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Abstract This in vitro study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of crude alkaloid compounds extract of plant  A. majus leaves and flowers on some biological performance aspects of the insect, The results showed that the alkaloid extract of flowers at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml had significant effects of cumulative mortality to the different for stages. The concentration ( 30) mg / ml had the most noticeable effects, causing the highest mortality rate in the second larval instars, fourth larval instars (86.7 and 73. 3 %, respectively) after 72 hours. While the mortality rates upon applying the same concentrations, but of the alkaloid extract of the leaves, were 73.3, 53.3 %, respectively, following 72 hours of treatment.

Keywords: Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; Ammi majus ; crude alkaloid compounds extract  

4. Abdullah Hassn Mohammed

Effect of gibberellic acid on germination and seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Germination percentage of soybean is very sensitive and affected by many factors, external and internal factors. Screening three varieties of soybean (Shimaa, Industrial 2, and M103) during laboratory germination and field emergence was conducted to identify varieties with superior performance under four concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 75, 150, 225 ppm). A laboratory and field experiments were carried out in the Department of Field Crops/College of Agriculture/Tikrit University. The results showed that there were significant differences between gibberellic acid concentrations as well as among varieties in the effect on the percentage of seed germination and field emergence. Also, there was a significant interaction between the varieties and gibberellic acid concentrations. Seeds treated with a concentration of (150 ppm) were superior in the laboratory germination percentage and field emergence percentage with an average of 92.58% and 59.08%, respectively. The two varieties Shimaa and M103 were superior in giving the highest percentage of germination in the laboratory 87.5% and 87.94%, respectively. Whereas, Shimaa variety outperformed in giving the highest percentage of field emergence 58.00%. The interaction of Shaima x 150 ppm of gibberellic acid showed the highest laboratory germination percentage and the highest field emergence percentage 96.75% and 63.25%, respectively. These Results indicate that the use of gibberellic acid had a significant effect on increasing the germination rate of soybean seeds and percentage of field emergence due to the role of this hormone in stimulating the synthesis of enzymes that necessary for germination and seedling vigor.

Keyword: Soybean, GA3, Seed germination percentage, Field emergence percentage.

5. Anwar Akram Jassim, Ahmed Saeed Mohmed and Rafid Ahmed Abbas Al-khaldy

Effect of different rates of Axial herbicide on growth vegetative of Barley and associated weed

  In the field of herbicide, attention has become focused on the use of effective and low-concentration pesticides to control weeds, in addition to the effect of those pesticides on economic crops. so this study aimed to evaluate the low concentration doses of Axial herbicide on growth vegetative of Barley and associated weed. The results of the study showed The significant effect of Axial herbicide concentrations on the growth vegetative of Barley were recorded in the length of plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), number of branches, and percentage of chlorophyll 89.41, 17.500, 131.33 and 44.70 respectively at Recommended concentration 100% of Axial herbicide compared with 99.41, 19.567, 125.00 and 50.27 respectively in the control treatment. Also, the results Findings activity of Axial herbicide concentrations in the percentage of control dernal weed where recorded 72.84, 93.24 and 95.87% after 30, 60 and 90 days of treatment at Recommended concentration compared with 0.00 ,0.00 and 0.00 in the control treatment.

Key words: Axial herbicide, Barley, Darnel weed

6. Elaf Hashem Mohammed and  Hamid Hamdan Al-Ali

Response of Date palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. Khastawi cultivar to chemical, organic and biological fertilization

  This study was carried out in one of the private palm orchards located in the area of the village of Albu Assaf - Al-Dawwar, which is 10 km west of Ramadi city / Anbar Governoaverge , during the 2020-2021 season to study the effect of three levels of fertilizer combinations F0:0 ,F1: 600 g of urea (N 276) + 350 g of triple superphosphate (P2O5 500  ) + 168 g of potassium sulfate (K2O 240), 1200 g urea (552 N) + 700 g triple superphosphate (P2O5 336) + 1000 g potassium sulfate (K2O 480) and three levels of humic acid H0:0,H1:15, H2:30 ml. L-1 and two levels of a combination of biofertilizers, Trichoderma(Trichoderma  harzianum) and Mycorrhizal(Glomus mosseae) B0:0, B1:300 ml Trichoderma + 400 g Mycorrhizal, with three replications for each treatment , in order to increase and improve the production of date palm trees, Khastawi cultiver, The research was carried out as a factorial experiment (2 x 3 x 3)  it used the design of randomized complete block, R.C.B.D, where 54 trees of 11 years of age were selected that were homogeneous in terms of growth characteristics as much as possible, Each palm was considered a repeater. The results showed the superiority of the level F2 chemical fertilization in a number of characteristics, including the percentage of the set  fruit, the lowest percentage of fallen, the length and weight of the fruit and its size and total yield, which amounted to 52.431 kg , whereas, the control treatment gave the lowest average for the above-mentioned traits, and the H2 level of humic acid was superior in the characteristics of the percentage of set fruit, the lowest percentage of fallen , length and weight of the fruit, its size and total yield, which amounted to 58.148, whereas, the control treatment gave the lowest average for the above-mentioned traits. The results also showed the superiority of level B1 of the combination of biofertilizers in the characteristics of the percentage of set fruit, fallening, fruit length and total yield , which amounted to 51.641 kg, whereas, the control treatment gave the lowest rate for the above-mentioned traits. The binary overlap F2H2 treatment gave the highest rates in the set fruit percentage, length and weight of the fruit, its size and the total yield, which amounted to 59,064 kg, and the lowest percentage of fallen. Also, the bilateral overlap H2B1 treatment gave the highest rates in the set fruit percentage and fruit length and the lowest percentage of fallen. The same treatment with the B0 treatment appeared outperformed in the weight and size of the fruit and the total yield, which amounted to 58.915 kg compared to the control treatment that gave a lower average., the bilateral overlap F2B1 treatment gave the highest rates in the characteristics of fruit length and weight, as well as the triple overlap F2H2B1 treatment, gave the highest averages in the characteristics of the set fruit percentage and the lowest percentage of fallen and weight of the fruit and the total yield, which amounted to 59.648 kg compared to the control treatment that gave a lower average for the mentioned traits where the response was significant for the type is Khastawi in terms of increasing the yield and its components.

Key words: Date palm, chemical fertilization, NPK, bioFertilization, Humic acid, Khastawi

7. Osama Abdul-Rahman Owied, Muthik Abd Muslim Guda , Hawraa Imad Taher  , Muslim Abd Ali Abdulhussein

Plants Anatomical Engineered By Nanomaterials

Abstract. Anatomical characteristics are important in determining the stress that affects plant. In addition they proved an evidence to environmental pollution. The increasing use of nanomaterials (EnNos) in industries, medicine, agriculture and in all fields. Nanomaterials also have many uses as a new science, they have toxic effects that have not been studied well. Therefore, this research was interested in recording recent studies on (EnNos) and their impact on anatomical characteristics of plant. Moreover, the possibility of using anatomical characteristics as evidence of nano contamination (nano toxicity) in plants comprise of a very important living component of the ecosystem. Studies on the effect of EnNos (carbon) on plant anatomy indicated that excess EnNos content affects the anatomical structure of the plant from the vital structures of the root, stem and leaves. Toxicological effect on xylem and phylum vessels from toxicological studies to date, Toxicological effects on EnNos of various kinds can be toxic if they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. Different paths are generated by different types of EnNos, behavior, and plant capacity. Moreover, different, or even conflicting, conclusions have been drawn from most studies on the interactions of EnNos with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews studies on different types of carbon EnNos and their interactions with different plant species at the  anatomical responses.

Key words: Anatomical characteristics, nanomaterial's, nano toxicity, Fullerene and Carbon Nanotubes

8. Douaa Y. Talib

Evaluation of humoral immunity by measuring IgG in broiler chicken vaccinated with live and killed Newcastle vaccine

"Abstract: The objectives of current research evaluated the humeral immunity induced by two different vac-cination methods and estimated the efficiency of commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine . A total number of 90 day-old unvaccinated chicks were divided equally into 3 groups; each group was vaccinated with a different methods of vaccination, while group 3 was unvaccinated control group . Serum were collected from all groups and five chickens from each group were slaughtered . The levels of IgG was measured by ELISA; there also were higher in the vaccinated groups (G1, G2) compared with the unvaccinated group. A group 2 also had the best IgG; The higher values of lymphoid organs (Bursa of Fabricius , thymus and spleen) indices were in While the vaccinated groups are compared to non-vaccinated groups, between  vaccinated groups there was no significant different (P < 0.05).The best proven vaccine program in group 2(primary vac-cine at 7th day of old by intraocular vaccine (live vaccine), than boost potion dose at 21st day of old by drink-ing water vaccine(live vaccine).

Keywords:  chicks, humeral immunity , vaccine"

9. Hussam H. Hassan, Ali A. H. Albakaa , and Khwam R Hussein

Evaluation of serum Selenium level as a risk factor for Colorectal cancer

Abstract: Background: Selenium, an antioxidant enzyme component, has been shown to protect against colorectal cancer risk. A diet is the primary source of these antioxidants, and selenium level is inversely related to colorectal cancer risk and may be responsible for around 50% of colorectal cancer risk. Method: The participants in this study were 180 individuals, comprising patients and healthy people, separated into two distinct groups: The first comprised 90 cases, 47 of them were men, and 43 were female patients. The second group had 90 healthy individuals including 60 men and 30 women. All individuals were subjected to blood sampling to determine serum selenium by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Result: The mean serum selenium concentration in the colorectal cancer group was highly significantly low (P< 0.01) than the healthy control people. The lower levels of selenium were associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The result shows a strong association between low levels of selenium and risk of colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Selenium, Colorectal cancer

10. Hayder Fadhil Okab

Estimation of Immunological and Physiological  Parameters in Diabetic Patients with COVID-19

Abstract: Covid-19 pandemic  affect the world. It has spread to more than 200 countries and threatens the lives of millions. Diabetes affects people all over the world, especially in developing countries. Nowadays, diabetes and COVID-19 are a major global health concern. Evidence regarding the impact of diabetes and COVID-19 is limited in the literature. It is not clear whether or not people with diabetes have an increased tendency towards COVID-19. However, risk factors lead to higher mortality rates among patients with diabetes and COVID-19. The physio-logical and immunological parameters were involved in the current study included high sensitivity to CRP (Hs-CRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Homo IR, and interleukin-10 (IL-10). FBS was analyzed by a spectrophotometer, while other parameters were performed by ELISA. The  results showed a significant in-creased in all immunological and physiological parameters of patients compared with control group in both categories of total comparison and sex comparison, in the same way the results recorded a significant increase in all parameters of patients whose condition is critical compared with those condition is severe with except Hs-CRP not recorded significant differences, on the other hand the study not showed significant differences in patients according to age groups. The current study showed a positive relationship between insulin and homo IR, and between insulin and interleukin-10 and the concentration of FBS and IL-10 increase with severity of disease.

Keywords:  Covid-19, Diabetic, IL-10, Hs-CRP, Insulin, Homo-IR.

11. Hussein Togun

Haemodynamic changes after repairing the congenital valvular heart disease

Two categories of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and (ASD Primum) were collected from the Nasiriyah Heart Center between January 2015 and February 2022, with findings for 50 patients (28 patients with TOF & 22 patients with ASD Primum). The results showed that the spo2 value before the surgery was low compared to its value after the surgery, which was due to the existence of stenosis (obstruction) in the pulmonary artery, thus the operations were undertaken to open the stenosis and return the percentage to normal. Because the patient with tetralogy of Fallot has stenosis in the pulmonary artery, compensatory found increases in the right ventricular diastolic pressure, and because the patient with tetralogy of Fallot has a stenosis in the pulmonary artery, the PG value before the op-eration is greater than after the operation. It was also discovered that the pG is extremely high due to stenosis (obstruction) in the pulmonary artery, which causes a drop in spo2. The findings demonstrated that there is a link between age and MR before surgery, with all patients between the ages of 2 and 47 suffering from fatigue and restlessness. However, +++ denotes exhaustion and shortness of breath while not under stress, but ++ denotes fatigue and shortness of breath when under normal stress.

Keywords: Artificial heart valve; Primum ASD; Tetralogy of Fallot; Mitral Valves 3

12. Hussein Togun 1*, Munaf Ahmed 2, Mohammed Hussein Haider 1, Tabarak Shaheed Ibrahim1, Adyan Farhan Youssef

Evaluation of size and function of mechanical heart valve replacement operations in Al Nasiriyah Heart center

Abstract: The size and function of mechanical heart valves were evaluated in this article. The pathological cases that produce valve damage and lead to the most well-known rheumatic illnesses have been investigated. They induce stenosis and regurgitation of the valve, whether aortic or mitral, as well as other diseases such degenerative, congenital, and calcific valve. These cases were occurred between 2015 and 2020, and the following are the most relevant characteristics include; patient's age, height, weight, kind of operation, cause, valve size, illnesses before the operation, complications after the procedure, cross clamp time, Ejection Fraction (EF), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) before and after the operation. All were collected from the database. Because the valve size is directly and mainly connected to the surface area, the patient's height and weight were used to extract the surface area and correlate it to the valve size. It was also noticed that the mitral valve is bigger than the aortic valve due to the fact that the mitral valve is deeper than the aorta. The mitral valve was the most often replaced valve (51%), followed by the aortic valve (31%), and the double valve (18 %). The number of patients who have a valve replacement procedure fluctuates from year to year, depending on the severity of the damaged valve. In certain cases, the valve might be fixed without the need for a replacement. Despite the difficulties of the procedure, there are relatively few deaths, and the data show that there are only two deaths in five years due to heart failure during the operation and cerebrovascular accident.

Keywords: Mechanical Heart Valve; Mitral Regurgitation; Aortic Stenosis; Tricuspid Stenosis

13. Mazin M. Mowat, Majid Shannon Khallaf and Basaad Hadi Hamza

Infrared Imaging of Skin Cancer Cell treated with Copper Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles

Copper oxide and silver nanoparticles were used to treat the skin cancer cell with different concentrations such: (5, 10 and 15ml) at mixing ratio of 1:1. The characterization of skin cancer lesions pics were taken using a super speed monochrome CMOS camera (Model: ZWO, ASI 120 MM-S). Also the effect of exposure time to the IR radiation was studying with using IR source connected to this camera.  The MTT assay was used to measure cell viability against the control sample cell lines. The results show that both copper oxide and silver nanoparticles appear a high activity against the skin cancer cell line.

Keyword: IR imaging, Skin cancer cell, Nanoparticles, MTT assay

14. Bassim K.K. Al-Rekabi

The Influential Antioxidant Role Of Coenzyme Q10 And Dehydroepiandrosterone Against Carbontetracholride Induced Liver Damage In Male Rats

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the protective role of exogenous CoQ10 and DHEA and their combination on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in adult male rats. Thirty adult male rats 225-250 grams, 12-14 weeks old were used in this study and randomly divided into five equal groups, 6 animals each as in the fol-lowing: Control group (G1): 6 male rats received orally DMSO 0.5ml/ animal/day, First treated group (T1): 6 male rats received daily CCl4 1ml/kg (1:1 olive oil, IP), Second treated group (T2): 6 male rats received CCl4 1ml/ kg and after 1hour injected daily with CoQ10 200 mg/kg IP, Third treated group (T3): 6 male rats re-ceived CCl4 1ml/kg and after 1hour injected daily with DHEA  25 mg/kg IP, Fourth treated group (T4): 6 male rats received CCl4 1ml/kg and after 1hour injected daily with a combination of CoQ10 200 mg/kg + DHEA 25 mg/kg IP. The experiment lasted for 28 successive days. The obtained results illustrated that male rats received CCl4 (1ml/kg) caused a significant increased in hepatic enzyme function AST, ALT and ALP, as well as MDA levels, and caused significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity GPx, SOD and CAT levels. In ad-dition, CCl4 also caused various degree of liver damage such as dilation and congestion of central vein with hemorrhage, clear fatty degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to the  control group. Whereas, the group that treated with CoQ10 200 mg/kg and DHEA 25 mg/kg showed a significant decreased (P< 0.05) in serum AST, ALT and ALP as well as MDA value, and significant increased in GPx, SOD with declined in CAT levels compared to group treated with CCl4 intoxication. It is also observed from the results that combination of CoQ10 and DHEA it caused a highly significant (P < 0.05) declined in AST, ALT and ALP as well as MDA levels, and significant elevated in GPx, SOD and declined in CAT, and almost return to normal level compared to control. As well as, the histopathological examination on liver revealed that rats treat-ed with CoQ10 and DHEA and their combination had normal central vein and hepatocytes compared to groups treated with CCl4 due to anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. It has been concluded that CoQ10 and DHEA have a evident protective effect against liver damage induced by CCl4 through improv-ing antioxidant enzyme activity in CCl4 treated group leading to a declined MDA level and reduced lipid pe-roxidation. Thus, CoQ10 and DHEA are potential therapeutic antioxidant agents on hepatotoxicity by sup-pressing hepatic oxidative stress.

Keywords: CoQ10, DHEA, anti-oxidant, CCl4, hepatic damage, male rat

15. Abdul Hussein Jaafer Abdullah, Audai M. Qasim, Sajad A. Adullah

The influence of some ecological factors on fish diversity and abundance in Al-Huwyzah marsh / South of Iraq

Abstract: From January to December 2019, the composition of fish assemblages in Al-Huwyzah marsh was studied in various ways based on the nature of their life-history strategies. In orders to assess the impact of hydrological variations on fish assemblage composition, diversity, and abundance. Water temperature fluctuated from 12°C in January to 33°C in July. Salinity varied from 1.38 g/l in March to 3.87 g/l in November. Hydrogen-ion fluctuated from 7.37 in November to 8.18 in December. For flat sections and low-lying areas of the marsh, monthly fluctuations in water depth were monitored. Fish assemblages in Al-Huwyzah marsh were studied to determine the impact of hydrological and environmental changes on the pattern, abundance, diversity, and richness of fish assemblages. Fixed, drift, and cast gillnets were used to catch the fish. A total of 9853 fish specimens belonging to 18 fish species, 17 genera, ten families, and six orders were caught from the three selected stations. All of which belonged to the Osteichthyes class. Ten fish species were native and eight exotic species. The Abu mullet Planiliza abu was the most abundant species comprise 35.74% of the total number of species, Prussian carp Carassius gibelio 19.74% of the total caught, and blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus 19.23%. The dominance index (D3) ratio 74.71% of the upper abundance of three fish species in the present area. The study concluded the differences in the fish species and their response to hydrological variations according to the different strategies of life history pattern and divided the fish community into three categories. The periodic strategists (seasonally reproductive) included most native species. The equilibrium strategists that prefer stable habitat with a long time breeding season included most abundance exotic species and opportunistic strategists comprise one species of present fish assemblage.

Keywords: Assemblage of fish, Huwyzah marsh, Hydrological variations

16. Hadaf Mahdi Kadhim, Colin B. Munnand Martyn L. Gilpin

Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) for detection and identification of  virulent  and avirulent forms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus  

Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a natural member of the marine environment. Only certain strains of the species carry virulence factors, which are rarely found as environmental strains, and can cause disease in humans. This study developed a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) for the rapid detection to clinically important strains of V. parahaemolyticus. This enables detection of total and potentially virulent strains. The m-PCR was developed by targeting the species-specific transcriptional regulator toxR gene, and sequences for an outer membrane protein and a hypothetical protein encoded by omp and htp, respectively. The omp and htp sequences were discovered originally by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR.  The m-PCR was performed on V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 23 clinical and 32 environmental; and 22 other Vibrio and 11 non-Vibrio species. The amplification of toxR gene 367 bp fragment was found in all V. parahaemolyticus tested; 17 out of 23 clinical isolates (73.91%) showed amplification of both the omp and htp. Four isolates showed amplification of the omp gene sequence, but not the htp gene, and 2 isolates exhibited amplification for htp, but not for omp. Therefore, both sequences for omp and htp need to be targeted by PCR to detect all potentially virulent strains. Of the other species tested, no amplification was seen. This study confirms that RAPD-PCR is a useful tool for differentiating virulent and avirulent forms. This allowed the development of a m-PCR for identifying V. parahaemolyticus and detecting virulent forms. This method should be useful for diagnostic purposes and epidemiological studies.

Keywords: Multiplex PCR, RAPD-PCR, Vibrio parahaemolyticus

17. Nameer Mouyed Khalaf , Nabeel Sabeeh. Othman

Neutral red dye as a novel reagent in spectrophotometric determination of doxycycline via oxidation and bleaching colour of the dye

Abstract: A simple and accrued spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of doxycycline as pure and in its formulation. The method included using of novel reagent neutral red dye on the present method. The method based on oxidation of doxycycline with an excess amount of N-bromosucinimide in acid medium , then the residual amount of   N-bromosucinimide oxidized the neutral red dye and caused bleaching the colour of the dye .The absorbance of the  colour of the dye did not bleached measured at wavelength 525 nm. and the absorbance proportional with the concentration of doxycycline on the solution. The linearity was from 1 to 15 µg/ ml and above the higher concentration above 15 µg/ ml gave deviation from Beer's law. The important analytical parameter included: molar absorptivity, and Sandell's sensitivity index, were calculated and equal to 3.67 x104 l/mol.cm, 0.01261µg/cm2 respectively. An application part included estimating doxycycline in its dosage form (capsule) from different manufacturers with satisfactory results.

Keyword: Doxycycline, Neutral red, Bleaching Color, Oxidation, Spectrophotometric Determination

18. Mohammed S. Al-Hindawi, Abdulnasser M. Al-Gebori, Mohammed Hadi Munshed Alosami

Copper-to-Zinc Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Serum of Iraqi Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis

Abstract: Introduction: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the spine and sacroiliac joints. However, since copper-to-zinc ratio (Cu/Zn) is an indicator of an inflammatory response, it is expected that the change in ratio correlates with axSpA. This study compared levels of Cu/Zn in the serum of axSpA patients. Patients & Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 53 patients with axSpA divided according to biological treatment into cohorts A and B, and 28 healthy control as cohort C. Serum levels of Cu and Zn were determined first by a fully automated chemistry analyzer TC-Matrix Plus, then the ratio was obtained. Results: Elevated of serum Cu concentration mean of cohort B (189.32 ± 13.808 µg/dL) compared to cohort A (168.85 ± 7.244 µg/dL) and cohort C (155.68 ± 3.707 µg/dL) with p-value equal to 0.029 was observed in conjunction with reduced Zn concentration mean of cohort B (79.74 ± 4.344 µg/dL) compared to cohort A (91.26 ± 4.159 µg/dL) and cohort C (100.93 ± 6.161 µg/dL) with p-value equal to 0.031. Cu/Zn mean of cohort B was (2.54 ± 0.25) compared to the Cu/Zn mean of cohort A (1.968 ± 0.125) and cohort C (1.679 ± 0.104) with a p-value equal to 0.002. Conclusions: patients with axSpA, and due to the results suggesting that the differences between cohorts were associated with inflammatory responses, since there was a similar change in ESR levels, however, the differences between cohorts A and B are due to the anti-inflammatory therapy (TNF inhibitor) that cohort A was treated with.

Keywords:  Axial spondyloarthritis; copper-to-zinc ratio; copper; zinc; inflammation.

19. Roaa A. Thamer and Amera M.Al-Rawi

Phenotypic and molecular Investigation of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin

ABSTRACT: The objective of  the current study was to detect the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae by identifying Pneumolysin and determine the gene (ply) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Objectives: The aim of study was to highlight on  isolation and identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae using morphological, biochemical and vitek, as well as investigation about pneumolysin phenotypicaly   and molecularly through ply gene and sent the  PCR products to sequencing by sanger method. Fifty sputum specimens were collected from patients at AL salam Hospital, Iben sina/  Mosul/ Iraq during the period from August 2021 to march 2022. The isolated bacteria were identified depending on morphology, biochemical properties, Vitek and the ply gene was detected by PCR technique. Five isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae showed ability to produce pneumolysin when tested by agar double layer.When PCR reaction was performed on Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin gene, the results on gel electrophoresis showed three bands with 238 bp and the ratio of the presence of ply gene was 80%. PCR products then were submitted to sequencing by sanger method and the result of ply sequencing were shown Point mutations that nucleotide and amino acid change with location.

Key words : Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumolysin, ply gene, PCR sequencing.

20. Hussein A. Whaib and Zeina M. Kadam

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Azo dye 4(4-Benzophenol Azo) Pyrogallic Acid and its Analytical Application

Abstract: The present study is concerned with the synthesis of the azo dye 4(4-Benzophenolazo) Pyrogallol by perfumed amine diazonation, and the formation back of the salt to produce salt conjugation which consists of an organic compound and an abundant electronic density, where the prepared organic dyes 4(4-Benzophenolazo) Pyrogallol was characterized. The amorphous form of the dye was a fine powder of reddish-brown color, while the crystalline form was crystals giving a reddish-orange color when it was dissolved in ethanol. The purity of this prepared dyes was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. The prepared azo dyes was characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy, as well as the optimal conditions for the formation of the iron and cupper complex were studied. The molar ratios of the mentioned complexes are 2:1 with optimal concentrations, and the values of the acidity function were adjusted. The effect of time and temperature on the prepared complexes was also studied. his azo dye, as well as its complexes, has very good biological activity, so it can be used in this field.  

Keywords: Azo dyes, 4(4-Benzophenolazo), Pyrogallol, TLC.

21. Esraa Hashim Ali, Amal A. Hussein, and Natheer Jamal Imran

Optimum conditions of the treatment of organic matters in gray water by ozone

Abstract: Wastewater treatment processes are very important and economical to improve the quality, and remove the greater part of the contaminants from wastewater and therefore to solve the water crisis, which may provide new sources of water. To conserve water, it must be recycling the gray water (GW). The use of ozone in water treatment is a chemical treatment based on the infusion of ozone into water or wastewater. In this study, the best conditions for treating gray water with ozone were investigated to achieve the best removal of organic matters represented by chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), Total organic carbon (TOC), Oils and Greases. It was experimentally concluded that the ozone treatment is positively affected by the increase in pH, as well as the ozone concentration and the time of exposure to ozone. The ideal conditions for ozone treatment were determined according to the quality of the resulting water and not according to the removal values of organic materials, and these conditions are pH 8, ozone concentration 40mg/l and ozone exposure time 30 min.

Keywords: Gray water; Ozonation; Water Treatment; COD.

22. Alaa Yaqoop Rahi

Effect Biosynthesis of fenugreek leaves nanomaterial on some plants germination using saline water

Abstract: The synthesis of new, low-cost nanomaterial that do not cause harm to the environment is of great importance in modern science. In addition to the importance of plant use in medical purpose and the active sub-stances they contain, so this research include synthesis of nanomaterial's from medical plant (fenugreek) Trigonella foenum extract for the purpose of tolerate irrigation with saline water. The extract of the dried and ground leaves of the T. foenum plant was taken, centrifuged, filtered, and then dried. The resulting material was tested by the X-ray Diffract meter (XRD) examining and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) examining to ensure it is on ananoscale. Aqueous dilution at a ratio of 1: 1, use to irrigation seeds of the aromatic plants (Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum) with saline water 0.05 g / l . The germination ratios, the radical length and the plumular were calculated after 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of germination.The results of the germination rates were su-perior to the treatment with mixture of nanomaterial and saline water for 98.5% in A. graveolens and 97.2% in L. sativum. Saline water treatment showed 75% for the A. graveolens and 78% for L. sativum . The radical length reached 14.5 cm for the A. graveolens and 11.3 cm for the L. sativum in the mixture treatment after 10 days. Saline water treatment gave 6.3 cm and 8.5 cm, respectively. The plumular measurements were similar to the radical results. This results proved the synthesis of a natural bio- nanomaterial that is easy to prepare, low in cost and has a stimulating effect on germination , growth and tolerance irrigation with saline water. This improves our ability to utilize water resources and propagation methods for aromatic and medical plants.

Keywords: medical plant, aromatic plants, nanoparticle, Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum

23. Abeer Jalil Jabbar and  Intedhar Abbas Marhoon

Effect of temperature and extract (Ascophyllum nodosum)On the vegetative characteristics of marjoram

Abstracts: The effect of temperature and the addition of asco phylum nodesum extract on some vegetative characteristics represented by plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll percentage, and it was found through the results that treating the plant with a concentration of 50% of algal extract is one of the best treatments in improving vegetative characteristics and The least productive treatments were for plants whose seeds were treated at low temperatures. The results were statistically analyzed according to the randomized complete block design and using the computer according to the SPSS system, and the averages were compared using the Anova test at a probability level of 5%.

Keywords: temperature, Ascophyllum nodosum, vegetative characteristics

24. Suad Raihan Awad

Seedling growth responses stimulated by Nanomaterials

Abstract: Seedling growth is important in determining the stress responses stimulating the plant. In addition, they proved an evidence of environmental pollution. Although, the increasing use of nanomaterials (EnNos) in in-dustries, medicine, agriculture and all fields, they have toxic effects that have not been studied well. Therefore, this research was interested in recording recent studies on (EnNos) and their influence on seedling growth responses. Moreover, the possibility of using seedling growth responses as evidence of nano contamination (nanotoxicity) In plants that serve as the basis of ecosystems. Studies on the effect of EnNos (metal and metal oxide) on seedling growth indicated that excess EnNos content affects the growth of the plant. From the vital structures of the root, stem and leaves. Toxicological effects on EnNos of various kinds can be toxic if they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. Different paths are generated by different types of EnNos, behavior, and plant capacity. Moreover, different, or even conflicting, conclusions have been drawn from most studies on the interactions of EnNos with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews studies on different types of metals and metal oxide EnNos and their interactions with different plant species at the seedling growth responses.

Keywords: Seedling growth, nano toxicity, Gold (Au), Cadmium (Cd) and silver (Ag)

25. Taleb F. Hassen

Electropolymerization of some amino acids on platinum electrode

Abstract: In this paper;  The anodic oxidation of L-amino acids on platinum smooth electrodes and modified Pt electrode (Pt/AAO) was studied. The oxidation of L-amino was carried out by cyclic voltammetry coupled with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The Amino acid concentration, pH of the electrolyte and the scan number effects on cyclic voltammetry were examined. Spectroscopic analysis such as attenuated total reflectance FT infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the resulting thin film coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to study the mor-phology of thin films surface as well as the solubility are studied. spectroscopic measurements are in favor of L-amino acids electropolymerization into poly-L-amino acids in an irreversible way. The electrosynthesis of poly-L-amino acids were used as proton receptor for solid state pH solid sensor.

Keywords: : anodic oxidation, L-amino acids, electropolymerization , pH sensor.   

26. Raisan Kadhim Taresh and Firyal Mohammed Ali1  

Loading Cephalexin on Chitosan Polymer and using drug Natural polymer for Medical use

ABSTRACT: The modification of natural polymers, such as Chitosan (CH), is of interest in this research because it preserves the critical structure of the (CH) skeleton while introducing new or enhanced features. The polymer was made by changing the structure of (CH) with a vinyl monomer like acrylic acid (CH-g- Itaconic acid) The graft copolymer was alleviated with cephalexin (CE) through the amino group, using a free radical initiator ceric ammonium nitrate. Because of the digestive nature of this work, it necessitates a long-term controlled delivery (CD). The synthesized copolymer was submitted to a variety of analytical approaches, including (FTIR), (UV), and (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, as well as thermal studies like TGA and DSC. The produced polymer's physical characteristics were examined. Our findings reveal that in an in vitro investigation, sustained release (SR) was examined at 37 °C, and drug release (DR) was compared over a few days. The hydrolysis rate in the basic medium was found to be greater than in the acid medium. Sustained release (SR) was found to be talented for people afflicted with bacteria and wounds after multiple compensations of continued release by a modified medication and in vivo presentation.

Keywords: Cephalexin, Chitosan Polymer, Natural polymer

27. Thekrayat Joodi Jassim and Khdeeja Jabbar Ali

A new analytical method For Cu(II) determination using Flow injection technique by acetaminophen derivative as reagent

Abstract: The study includes the design of a laboratory injection valve to  load chemicals onto it to study the optimal conditions for determination the  ion Cu (II) using derivative acetaminophen as an organic (N-(3-((3-acetylphenyl)diazenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)) (ADHA) reagent by FIA a new analytical method at λmax=504 nm, The best results: R.C length = 30cm, flow rate = 11.9mL/min ,volume and concentration of the new organic reagent : 117.8 µL, 7x10-3M respectively,, Linearity : (0.5-15)mg/L, LOQ = 1.128mg/L and the copper determination in different sample including  : drugs, tap water ,sample laboratory prepared using FAAS and FIA techniques and study statistical methods for both. The aim of the study Valve design of an innovative for  flow injection technique for copper (II) ion determination by paracetamol-derivative  as reagent organic . Study of optimal conditions for thedetermination of the copper ion in an innovative system, then study a calibration curve, and calculating the dispersion coefficient and repeatability. An applied study using two method FAAS and FIA in different samples and a statistical study for them .

Keywords: Copper Ion (II), FIA, Determination, Flow rate, Acetaminophen derivative.

28. Luma Taher Tuma ALBaaj , Sabah Jassim Hasan

Treatment of wastewater introduced in oil refineries by using Sugarcane beads

Abstract: The study is an assessment of wastewater treatment process in the oil refinery by using an agricultural plant (sugarcane beads) for the removal of crude oil contaminated water . Experiments were carried out at different period times by using different concentration oil contaminate water in a continues process system which have been established in our laboratory.  results show  an efficiency of these beads to reduce the Turbidity , TDS and TSS by 68%, 21%, 12%  respectively. The amount of hydrocarbons also decrease significantly proportional to the time of adsorbent process due to the physical and chemical properties of these beads that made it a good adsorbent agent.

Keywords: sugarcane beads, waste water , refinery, total organic compounds, adsorbent process.

29. Wedad Adil Kadhim and Kareem Ibrahim Mubarak

Molecular detection of Escherichia coli efflux pumps genes isolated from UTI in pregnant women

Abstract: A total of 63 clinical sambles from midstream urine samples collected from pregnant women with urinary tract infection. After microscopic examination, culture and biochemical tests and the final diagnosis using the VITEK-2 system, 25 isolates of Escherichia coli were discovered.Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed that E.coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin (%92), amikacin (%28), norfloxacin (%52), ciprofloxacin (%56), ofloxacin (%60), trimethoprim (%8), chloramphenicol (%80), colistin sulfate (%20), tetracyclin (%68), azithromycin (%48), cefoxitin (%40), amoxicillin-clavulanate (%96), ampicillin (%92). The prevalence of capsule possess, hemolysin production, biofilm formation, efflux pumps wrer%24, %16,%72 and %44 respectively. The result of gene detection of efflux pumps genes acrA and acrB was%100. The result of gene expression of the acrA and acrB genes that increased after treatment with the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. Because the main role of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection and the presence of high ratio of Multi Drug Resistance ( MDR ) and the important of The efflux pumps in antibiotics resistance ,the current study  were conducted  to determine the MDR isolates from UTI in pregnant women's in Baquba city ,the percent of acrA and acrB genes among strains and the effect of Ciprofloxacin treatment on gene expression

Key words : Escherichia coli ,efflux pumps ,acrA  gene , acrB  gene

30. Murtadha A Al-khegane

Estimate of the most common bacteria cause of UTI and effective drug in alrefaai city

Abstract: Background: Urinary Tract Infection is worldwide prevalence disease infect both male and female in difference ratio. Escherichia coli is the most infectious pathogen followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas. Through the time bacteria increase the resistance for most antibiotic and that lead to increase of bacterial preva-lence and pathogenesis. Fifty patients with symptoms of UTI random selected in Alrefaai hospital from Octo-ber 2021 to April 2022. Urine sample 10-15 ml was collected from each patient and cultured to calculate colo-ny forming unit and detect the type of bacteria with bio-chemical tests. Most of patients were female 66% com-pare to male 34% with age groups 1-30 years 68% and those more than other groups. Escherichia coli is the most prevalence 54% while the second one is Staphylococcus aureus 20%, then Coagulase -ve Staphylococcus 14% and less infection was with Klebsiella and Proteus 6%. Antibiotic Imipenem, Chloramphenicol, Gentamy-cin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin play highly effect role on the most of bacteria. We found the most of patients with UTI from the city center and in age group 1-30 years. The most prevalence pathogens of UTI were Escherichia coli and then Staphylococcus aureus. Almost Imipenem, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin are the best effective antibiotic against all bacteria in our study.

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Recurrent UTI, Alrefaai city, Anti-biotic susceptibility.

31. Hajir Ali Hussein, Firas Shawqi Algburi

The role of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system in women with breast cancer before and after treatment

Abstract: Background: Cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ that causes the cells to change their nature, eventually producing a lump or mass and spreading to other regions of the body in most cases. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the serum level of ACE, plasmin, renin, kallikrein, and bradykinin in breast cancer patients and to determine their relationship to the proliferation of breast cancer. Material and methods: This study has investigated 90 women (75 patients and 15 controls), their ages between (35-76) years. The patients were referred to three main facilities, Kirkuk oncology center, consultation of early detection of breast tumor in Azadi Teaching Hospital, and Kirkuk general hospital from November 2021 to March 2022. The individuals of this study were divided into six groups: The first group was newly diagnosed patients with malignancy breast tumor n (15), the diagnosis was made by the consult of medical staff, which was based on a Triple Assessments Techniques (physical breast examination, ultrasonography, with or without mammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology). The second group was patients of surgical interference n (15), who submitted to local surgical removal of the suspected tumor in the Breast (lumpectomy) or complete removal of the breast (mastectomy). The third group was who received the first chemotherapy dose n (15). The fourth group was who received the second chemotherapy does n (15). The fifth group was who received the third chemotherapy does n (15). The sixth group was healthy women with a negative family history of breast cancer were included in this study as a control group, and their ages were comparable to that of the women with breast cancer. Results:  This study shows the mean of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was observed in breast cancer women (1.16±0.36U/L) as compared with the healthy control group (0.75±0.15U/L) the difference was highly significant at a P. value of 0.0004. The mean and stander deviation of angiotensin-converting enzyme, plasmin, renin, bradykinin, and kallikrein in women with breast cancer (before treatment, before mastectomy, after one dose, after 2 doses, and after3 doses) in comparison with healthy women. Conclusions: it was concluded that the levels of ACE, Plasmin, Kallikrein, and Bradykinin were significantly elevated in breast cancer women as compared with healthy women, while decreased level of renin in compared with healthy control.

Keywords: ACE; Plasmin; bradykinin, renin, kallikrein.

32. Ahmed Yousef Lafta Hzaa, Israa Malallah Alkanan and Mohammad Radhi Sahib

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Five Cultivars of Ziziphus spp. Cultivated in Southern Iraq.

Abstract: Ziziphus spp. is one of the economic fruit trees whose cultivation spreads in southern Iraq. This study was conducted with the aim of characterizing the morphological, molecular, and genetic diversity of five cultivars (Malasy, Normal, Zaytony, Bambawi, Tofahy), using 12 morphological indicators for leaf and fruit and six primers for RAPD technology. The results of the morphological characterization showed that the two cultivars (Normal and Malasy) recorded the highest genetic kinship between them amounting to 10.04, while the farthest genetic distance between the two cultivars (Zaytony and Normal) was recorded, which amounted to 29.3  As for the molecular characterization results, the primers produced 113 20 bands, with an average of 18.8 bands for each primer, and the percentage of polymorphism was 100%, and unique bands totaling 51 bands appeared, including 17 bands with different molecular weights characteristic of the cultivars. The genetic tree diagram showed the distribution of cultivars in two groups. The combination of morphological and molecular characterization is one of the most important tools that can be relied upon in finding genetic differences and determining fingerprints, especially between types of genders or cultivars of the same species.

Key words: fingerprints, genetic distance, Morphological, RAPD, Ziziphus

33. Estabraq Hasan alwan*, Abd alnabe J ALmamorri and Naeem rahman Aljubore

Estimation Of Some Immunological Markers For Patients With Hepatitis C And B Viruses With B- Thalassemia Major In Babylon Province.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis C and B is a serious public health problem worldwide. Thalassemia patients depend on blood transfusions throughout their lives and are at high risk of viral infections. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C infection and different clinical parameters of (HLA) in the multiplex thalassemia population. In this study, 66 patients with infectious complications of beta thalassemia were enrolled and samples were collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at Babel Women and Children Hospital in Babylon Governorate / Iraq infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) / hepatitis C virus (HCV), ALT & AST levels, serum ferritin, PCV and splenectomy were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HCV was 3% and 55%, respectively, as 100% of patients over 10-20 years of age had hepatitis C infection, and some episodes were presented by different HLA molecules, presented by a molecule HLA from HLA class II (HLA-DR) and HLA class I (HLA-G), In this study, we review the role of the molecule and several parameters along the HLA-G and HLA-DR gene in viral hepatitis, studies of hepatitis suggest that even Human leukocyte antigen contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. HLA classification combined with the study of the regulatory elements of genes may help in understanding the influence of genetic background on susceptibility to disease. This information allows the construction of a valuable HLA panel for hepatitis B.

Keywords:  Detection of some immunological markers (HLA) for hepatitis patients and those with a previous infection with thalassemia

34. Alaa S. Kathim and Murtadha F. AL-Hillo

Biochemical Changes of Dexamethasone on Liver and Kidney functions in Laboratory Mice Mus musculus L.

Abstract: Background: The present study sought to verify the effect of dxamethasone on the biochemical changes in deference organs such as liver and kidney organs of both sex, males and female mice. Materials & Method: Muc muscular males and female mice (n=48 ) were used. To determine the effects of dexamethasone on the biochemical changes of liver and kidney organs, mice receiving a low dose (2mg/kg) and high dose (4 mg / kg) from dexamethasone continuously for a period of one month. Result: The results showed a significant increase(P<0.05) in Liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT). The levels of urea and creatinine also increased in the treated mice and in both sexes with the pesticide compared with the control group. Conclusion:  low and high doses of odexamethasone used in male and female mice caused pathological alteration of tissues structure kidney and liver organs.

Keyword: Mice, histological, liver, kidney, Dexamethasone, Toxicity.  

35. Anam Aziz Jasim

False Positive Rose Bengal Test in COVID-19 Patients with Abnormal T3 And T4 Levels

Abstract: Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that is quite frequent. Fever, weakness, sweating, especially at night, and joint discomfort are among indications of brucellosis. COVID-19 symptoms are similar to those of brucellosis, which may cause a delay in identifying the latter. Objectives: study aims to investigate patients with COVID-19 who test positive for Rose Bengal and who suffer from high fever, persistent joint pain, and fatigue, as well as abnormal levels of T4 and T3 hormones determination. Methods: COVID-19 was detected in 90 patients (45 males and 45 females) between July 1 and September 20, 2020. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 63 years. Laboratory tests were 2019-nCoV IgG/IgM COMBO test card; T4, T3; Rose Bengal Plate Test; C-reactive protein test (CRP), and total white blood cell count (WBCs). Results: COVID-19 was detected in 90 patients (45 males and 45 females) between July 1 and September 20, 2020. All patients suffered from a decreased number of white blood cells (less than 4000 cells\ cm3).  The level of CRP protein was slightly higher in men than in women during the first week of infection, 40 (88.88%) and 35 (77.77%), respectively. While the levels of T3 and T4 hormones in both sexes were less than normal in most patients. The levels of CRP protein in most patients at the beginning of infection were high (13.7-97) mg/L in both sexes. Five days after contracting COVID-19, a Rose Bengal test was performed on all patients. The highest incidence of brucellosis in COVID-19 patients was in the age groups 21-30 years (38.18%) and 31-40 years (34.54%), respectively. Conclusions: Doctors from all across the world are concentrating their efforts on the COVID-19 epidemic. They must, however, pay close attention to one crucial point: distinguishing Covid 19 from brucellosis in order to receive the proper therapy and recover quickly without any drug-related complications.

Keywords: COVID-19, brucellosis, Brucella abortus and SARS-CoV-2

36. Bushra Sh J. ALobaidy1, Malath A. Hamed1, Ahmed Shehab Abd-allah Ramadan1, Muayad Malik Ibrahim2 and Ali Fadaam Almehemdi3

Effect of plant distance and cultivation methods on the growth and yield of three sesame cultivars

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in Al-Saqlawiyah region, west of Baghdad, during the 2020 agricultural season in silty clay soil, in order to study the effect of planting pattern and the Row spacing on the growth and yield of three sesame cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, where the planting pattern occupied the main plots (seed prose, seedling pattern) and the cultivars occupied the sub plot (Haad, Sumer, Rafidain,), while the row distance occupied the sub-sub plot (40, 60, 80 cm). The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant effect of the cultivation pattern, as the cultivation pattern with seeds prose recorded the highest values in all the studied traits. The highest seed yield was recorded by seed prose method (364.5 gm plant-1) compared to the seedling method (290.2 gm plant-1). There was also a significant genetic variance (P<0.05) in the response of the studied sesame cultivars to the planting pattern treatments and the between row spacing. The cultivar Haad scored the highest values in most of the studied traits and thus gave the highest seed yield (452.1 g plant-1) compared with the rest of the studied cultivars. The row spacing of 80 cm between the lines gave the highest yield (350.4 g plant-1). It was concluded that the sesame crop should be planted with seeds, at row spacingof 80 cm between the lines.

Keywords: plant distance, cultivation methods, growth, sesame cultivars

37. Khawla H. Mohammed1, Khaun A. Muhsen2 and Alyaa A. Alwan3

Effect of treatment by nutrient solution (SiliKaSol) and irrigation with magnetically treated water on some physical and chemical properties of tissue-grown short-stem banana plants in greenhouse conditions

Abstract: This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Basra University, from 02.01.2018 to 30.06.2018 on the Indian short-stemmed banana plant M. caredishii, multiplied by tissue in the tissue culture laboratory of the Palm and Localized Research Center, at 6 months' age. They were grown in a greenhouse equipped with a desert cooling system. The plants were sprayed with 5 concentrations of the nutrient solution SiliKaSol (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) ml l-1 and by 5 sprays between one spray and another 10 days starting from the date 02.01.2018. These plants were irrigated during the study period by two types of irrigation water, magnetically treated water and normal water. The most important results can be summarized as follows: - Spraying at a concentration of 2 ml l-1 of the nutrient solution showed a significant increase in the physical characteristics (increase in plant height and leaf area), reaching 32.33 cm and 312.83 cm2, respectively, and an increase in chemical properties (content of leaves from proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll and nitrogen percentage in the leaves) reached 16.01 µg g-1, 1.26 mg g-1 and 4.31 mg g-1, respectively. The results also showed that the quality of irrigation water had a positive effect on improving most of the physical and chemical properties, as watering with magnetized water achieved an increase in plant height, leaf area, and dry weight of the leaves were 3.07 cm, 290.33 cm, 13.46 g, and 1.56 g, respectively, and caused an increase in the chemical properties of total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, and the percentage of NPK in leaves, which were 1.32 mg g-1, 4.73 mg g-1, 16.78%, and 1.32% and 20.39%, respectively. This study showed that the interaction between spraying with different concentrations of SiliKaSol and irrigation with magnetized water had a positive effect, and the treatment of 2ml l-1 SiliKaSol and irrigation with magnetized water was superior in most of the studied traits.

Keywords: Banana, Water Magnatic, SiliKaSol, Nutrient solution.

38. Maad Hasani Al-Ameri

Effect of addition of honey and skim milk and cooled cauda epididymal spermatozoa of Awassi ram

Abstract: The current study intends to assess the effectiveness of combining honey and skim milk in an extender on individual motility, livability, and abnormalities of cauda epididymal Awassi ram spermatozoa after diluting and cooling. Nine pairs of testicles Awassi rams were collected after the slaughter at the abattoir. Honey and skim milk combined were prepared. The cauda epididymal spermatozoa were divided into four equal parts and diluted in a Tris-based extender. (Control, basic diluents), HSM1 (basic diluents containing 0.5 ml honey and 9.5ml skim milk), HSM2 (basic diluents containing 1 ml honey and 9ml skim milk), HSM3 (basic diluents containing 1.5 ml honey and 8.5ml skim milk) and cooled 4ºC for evaluation of the percentages of sperm individual motility, live and abnormalities spermatozoa (including head, midpiece, and tail) at 0, 24, 48, and 72h. Results showed that individual motility spermatozoa preserved (P<0.05) in HSM1 and HSM2 groups at 24h and 48h.  Livability spermatozoa were increased (P<0.05) in the HSM1 group at 48h and 72h. Groups HSM1, HSM2 andHSM3 decreased total abnormalities (P<0.05) at48h and 72h, while decreasing tail abnormalities (P<0.05) at 24h and 48h than control. The HSM2 group was lower (P<0.05) in head abnormality of spermatozoa at 48 h, whereas the HSM1 group was at 72 h. In conclusion, lower honey concentrations in extender have a favorable impact on cauda epididymal spermatozoa of Awassi rams due to the nourishing and protective effects.

Key words: cauda epididymal spermatozoa, honey, skim milk, motility, livability, and abnormalities.

39. Rasha Mohamed Sajet Al-Oqaili*, Istabreq Mohmed Ali and Huda Zuheir Majeed

Curing of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Ethidium Bromide

ABSTRACT: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocin represent one of the survival methods in the mixed communities. It had its own structure that gather between colicin which had enzymatic activity, and the pore-former toxin. Bacteriocins represent a way to gain the battle against immune system. Antibiotics were the most effective therapy, but with time and random usage, antibiotic resistance had been developed and spread throughout world. In this study ten isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected for production of bacteriocin against three isolates of Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were bacteriocin producer. After that, curing by four concentrations (50 , 75 ,100 and 125) µg /ml of Ethidium bromide was done .The (75 and 100) µg /ml  were the most effective concentration in curing.  The Antibiotic sensitivity test for the antibiotics was done before and after curing, in order to make a combination between bacteriocin production and curing as a way to gain the battle against antibiotic resistance.     This study proved that the anti-plasmid factor could be considered as a promising way to deal the progress the spread of antibiotic resistance in the community.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteriocin, curing and antibiotic resistance.

40. Rana Qassem Nazzal and Zuhair Radhi Addai*

Antioxidants and Antibacterial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract

Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidants and antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antibacterial activity was determined using paper disc method against two bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results showed part of plant effect of the antioxidants and antibacterial activity. The results showed that root sample had significantly (P <0.05) higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity compared to leaves and stem samples. The TPC value of leaves extract 211.64mg GAE/g dry extract and DPPH 86.36 % was estimated. The antibacterial activity exhibited by MeOH extract against Staphylococcus aureus zone of inhibition was 21.37 mm for root extracts and 8.30 mm against E.coli. The result showed that Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaves extract were effective against both the bacteria tested with high concentrations. The Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract can be used to control infectious diseases and prevent oxidative damage.

Keywords:  Glycyrrhiza glabra, DPPH, TPC, Antibacterial activity

41. Reman M. Salih and Yass K. Abbass*

Determination of antifungal activity of Dorema ammonicum extract

Abstract: The current investigation included estimating the efficiency of aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts of Dorema ammoniacum plant in inhibiting the growth of fungi, where the ethanolic extract recorded a higher rate of inhibition than the aqueous extract. It is more effective when the concentration is increased in inhibiting the growth two types of Candida C.albicans and C.krusei . The aqueous extracts of Dorema ammoniacum had no toxic effect on human red blood cells at concentrations (100, 200, 300) mg / ml at an incubation period 3 hours . As a result of the widespread use of medicinal plants as antimicrobial drugs, the absence of toxicity on the host cells is considered it is essential because it is an inexpensive, easy-to-apply, quick-results method and is safe when used as drugs.

Keywords: Dorema ammoniacum D. Don , cytotoxicity activity  , ,Antimicrobial activity.                                                   

42. Sahira Nsayef Muslim1, Wafaa Hassan Muslem*1, Raghad J. Fayyad1, Alaa Naseer Mohammed Ali1, Mohamed Faraj Edbeib2

Extraction and purification of lectin from rice grains and using it as a novel prebiotic and inhibitor toward some gastrointestinal organisms

Abstract: Aims: Lectins are carbohydrate with structure usually binding with proteins. The isolation of lectins from local and inexpensive sources such as the rice which is considered one of the chief cereal crops, is very necessary due to its broad application.  Methods: Lectin was extracted from a novel source Oryza sativa grains with solvent (hexane) of ratios (1:5 w/v) for 15 minutes. The extract solution was fractionated at concentrations 25-65% saturation with ammonium sulfate then applied to a DEAE -cellulose column followed by Sephadex G-100 column. SDS-PAGE have done to vitrify from lectin purity. An enhancement and inhibition activities were calculated for detection the effect of lectin on lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic bacterial growth. The extracted lectin from three types of Oryzae sativa grains showed various levels of erythrocytes agglutination from 8 to 32U/ml. then the specimen loaded to DEAE-cellulose column followed by gel using (Sephadex G-100 column with final specific activity of 246.15U/mg, 24.15 fold of purification and 70% a yield of lectin. Findings : Lectin SDS-PAGE result revealed a single band of protein with 43 k Da. The purified lectin exhibited a strong prebiotic property of lactic acid bacteria growth enhancement while exhibited apparent growth inhibition against tested pathogenic bacteria. Typically, prebiotic properties should not only inhibit growth of pathogens but must also enhance growth of beneficial and desirable bacteria like Lactobacillus reuteri. Conclusion: The lectin may be used in animal diet to improve digestibility and support gastrointestinal tract health.

Keywords: Inhibitor agent; lectin; prebiotic; purification; Phyto hemagglutinins; rice grains.

43. Mohammed Abdulwahab Ati Al-Askeri

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA -RAPD Analysis of Human Cervical Cancer in Samwha city

Abstract: Objectives: The study intended to distinguish a likely hereditary variety in the genomic DNA of Iraqi patients corresponded with cervical disease and the possibility of getting advantage the potential produced DNA fragment(s) as a molecular test for future related applications. Methods: Blood and tissues tests have been collected from female patients with cervical malignant growth and clearly solid females, DNA was extricated and purged from each example, then "Irregular Amplification of Polymorphic DNA technique"(RAPD) has been directed with oligonucleotide “OPA-20”. Results: RAPD results examination with oligonucleotide “OPA-20” could identify four polymorphic DNA groups in the genome of patients females, in which these bands were missing in the majority of genomic DNA of healthy people.

Keywords: Tumor, PCR, Iraq, gene polymorphism  

44. Murtadha Shanan Auda, Hassanain M. Gabash and Ahmed Zaer Resan

Effect of Spraying with Garlic Extract and Silicon on Some Physical, Chemical, and Productive Characteristics of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L.

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in Shatt Al-Arab District - Fourth Al-Jazirah District - Basrah Governorate during the 2020 growing season to investigate spraying with garlic extract and silicon solution on some physical, chemical, and productive properties of date palm fruits Umm al-Dahn variety. The garlic solution extract at a concentration (0, 200, 400 ml L-1) and silicon at a concentration of (0, 250, 500, 750 mg L-1) was used in two-time sprays, the first two weeks after pollination?? and the second three weeks after the first spray. The spray t with garlic extract at a concentration of 400 ml L-1 and silicon at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 was significant in the physical characteristics under study (fruit weight, length, diameter, and fleshy layer weight), and chemical characteristics (total soluble solids, reducing sugars, dry matter, and total protein) compared to the control treatment. The treatment of spray t with garlic extract at a concentration of 400 ml L-1 and silicon at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 significantly decreased the percentage of sucrose in the fruits. It resulted in a significant increase in the weight of the fruit and the tree's yield. The spraying with garlic solution extract at a concentration of 400 ml L-1 with silicon spray treatment at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 resulted in the highest productivity of the palm (41.68 kg. Palm-1). At the same time, the control gave the lowest productivity of 31.74 kg Palm-1.

Keywords: Garlic extract, Silicon, Date palm, Productivity

45. Aya K. Taher* and Nada Jafer MH Radhi

Gingival health status in relation to salivary irisin in oral ulcerative patients of Diyala city/ Iraq

Abstract: Background: Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue around the teeth that is initiated by bacteria. Irisin is a newly identified as novel anti-inflammatory effect adipomyokine. Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) remains as the most common ulcerative disease in the mucosa tissue of the oral cavity existing as repeated onset of single or multiple painful ulcers. The study aim is to evaluate gingival health status in relation to salivary irisin in oral ulcerative patients of Diyala city/ Iraq. Material and methods: The total sample consist of 200 patients whose are taken from specialized dental center in Ba’aquba / Diyala governorate from January-March 2022 for both gender with age group (20-31) year. 100 patients of them complaining from recurrent aphthous ulcer without any systemic diseases were selected and 100 patients free from recurrent aphthous ulcer. The gingival inflammation was examined and recorded using Loe and Silness (1964). Recuurent aphthous ulcer was assessed according to WHO (1997) and salivary irisin levels was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the both study and control groups the prevalence of gingivitis was 100% with a higher mean value of GI among study group than control group. Minor ulcer prevalence was higher than major ulcer. The level of irisin was higher in study group than control group and the correlation between GI and irisin was negative weak in the study and positive weak in the control. Conclusion: There is increased gingival inflammation in RAU with negative weak correlation of GI and irisin.

Keywords: Gingival health, Irisin, RAU.

46. Rana Kadhim Mohammed1*, Karam D. Salman2 and Heba K. Tawfeeq3

Molecular detection and gene expression of carbapenemase (blakpc) encoding gene of Klebsiella pneumonae isolated from clinical samples.

Abstract: Background: Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemases (blakpc) have the ability to hydrolyze carbapenems, which cause many bacteria resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, so the rapid spread of blakpc is concerning. Laboratory identification of blakpc-carrying clinical isolates would be critical in limiting the bacteria's spread. This study would look at a quick and low-cost real-time PCR assay for detecting the level of expression of the blackpc gene from Klebsiella pnuemoniae before and after treated with specific concentration of the Meropenemas drug. Method: During the period January 2021 to March 2021, Twenty three of K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients presenting at various hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. The disk diffusion method was used to test the strains, and the E-test minimum inhibitory concentration was determined (MIC). The blackpc gene was then identified using the reverse transcription-PCR method. Finally, gene expression was measured using a real-time PCR assay in the presence and absence of Meropenem antibiotics. Results: Phenotypic testing revealed a high level of antibiotic resistance, whereas genotypic methods revealed the presence and expression of carbapenemase gene. Conclusion: Due to the high expression level of resistant carbapenemases in K. pneumoniae strains, the findings suggest revisions to current antibiotic therapy protocols.

Keywords: MIC, Meropenemas antibiotic, Gene expression, Real-time PCR.

47. MA Abdullah, SAK El-Hadeeti and Baraa M Thakir

Study the effect of essential oils of some plants in protection from Cowpea beatle, Callosobruchus maculatus in laboratory

Abstract: The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions of the temperature 25± 2C and relative moisture 40± 5 % to evaluate the effectiveness of the cinnamon, lavender and clove essential oils on some biological life aspects of cowpea beetle, C. maculatus. Results of the obligative experiment for effect of the oils on insect adult killing referred that the concentration of 5% caused a mortality percentage averaged 13.33% of the insect males. The mortality percentage of the insect females was 11.3% for the cinnamon and lavender oils. The lowest oil effect on adults killing was the lavender oil that did not exceed 0. For the effect of the oils on egg laying, clove oil affected the number of egg highly at the concentration of 5% resulting in 2.00 egg on average. The lowest oil effect on egg number was for the lavender oil at the concentration of 1%, leading to an average of 14.73 egg. The clove oil at the concentration of 5% showed effectiveness in adult emergence preventing as it was not observed any insect emerged whereas , the same oil at the concentration of 1% was less effect resulting in the highest emergence percentage reaching 13.33% . The same applies to the effect of the plant oils on the insect productivity as the clove oil at the concentration of 5% was the most effective, there was no insect productivity recorded, unlike the concentration of 1% that recorded the productivity of 110.2 %. In the facultative experiment, highest mortality percentage was recorded using clove oil against females, as the mortality percentage reached 4.00%, while lowest mortality percentage was recorded using lavender oil against males that no killing occurred, as the mortality percentage did not exceed 0.00%. For effect of the oils on egg laying, the highest affected oil was the cinnamon at the concentration of 5% as number of egg reached 5.60 egg while lavender oil at the concentration of 3% was least effective, the average number of egg was 25. Clove oil at a concentration of 5% had the highest effect in reducing emergence of the insect, so emergence percentage did not exceed 0.33%, while its influence was low at the concentration of 1%, recording the highest emergence percentage (18.67%). The lowest recorded insect productivity average was from the treatment of the clove oil at the concentration of 5% did not exceed 5.20%, while the highest productivity average was from the treatment of the lavender oil , at the concentration of 1% reached 89.6%.

Keywords:  essential oils, Cowpea beatle, Callosobruchus maculatus   

48. Mallak M. Ammar

Study of Specific Activities of Phenolic Compounds Produced from Fungi Pleurotus Ostreatus and Agaricus Bisporus

Abstract: Specific activities of phenolic compounds produced from the fruiting bodies of the fungi PO and AB (the locally produced strain in Iraq) obtained from the Department of Plant Protection - Department of Organic Agriculture - Baghdad - Iraq were studied. Then, the phenolic compounds were determinate after cleaning, drying and grinding the fruiting bodies. The alcoholic extract of the two fungi was prepared by adding (0.2) g of fruiting bodies powder per (1) ml of 98% ethyl alcohol, where the mixture was filtered, concentrated and kept in the refrigerator until use. The aqueous extract was likewise prepared by adding (25) g of fruiting bodies powder per (500) ml of boiled distilled water. In the same manner, the mixture was mixed, filtered and stored in the refrigerator until use. The study findings confirmed the existence of significant differences at the probability level (P ˂ 0.05) for the alcoholic and aqueous extracts and for the fungi in the content of phenolic compounds. Conversely, the reducing power was increased by increasing the concentrations prepared for the extracts prepared from the two fungi under study. The free radical scavenging method DPPH was used to estimate the antioxidant activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts and of the fungi PO and AB. Thus, the results showed the superiority of ethyl acetate extract compared to the other used solvents.

Key words: Edible fungi, Phenolic compounds, reducing power, free radical scavenging.

49. Mohanad Isawi and Tatiana Dolzhenko,

Synthesis, characterization of acetamiprid nanoemulsion by high energy methods

Abstract: Nanotechnology's application in agriculture has opened up new options for generating nanosized agrochemicals that have the potential to improve efficiency, improve stability, extend the effective duration, and reduce environmental impacts.One of the most pressing difficulties in the agricultural industry is the need to handle pesticide-related issues such as environmental contamination, bioaccumulation, and increases in insect resistance, which necessitates reducing the amount of pesticide sprayed on crops and protecting stored products. Nanotechnology is proving to be an appealing tool for achieving this goal since it provides new ways for the synthesis and transport of active ingredients, together known as nanopesticides[1]. Nanoemulsions are particularly well suited to the creation of lipophilic functional agent delivery systems[2]. The current study uses a high-energy (ultrasound) emulsification approach to create oil-in-water (O/W) acetamiprid nanoemulsions with synthetic and natural additives. The acetamiprid nanoemulsions were spontaneously formed by adding a mixture of acetamiprid and solvent in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (tween ) with continuous stirring the nanoemulsions were then formed by ultra-sonication. Various characterization techniques for acetamiprid nanoemulsions include particle size analysis (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acetamiprid nanoemulsions are further evaluated by studying thermodynamic stability this includes a Centrifugation assay, Freeze-thaw cycle nanoemulsions, Heating-cooling test, and Stability at room temperature of 25°C, pH measurement, and  Viscosity measurement. The droplet size and morphology of the acetamiprid nanoemulsions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the results of DLS and TEM measurements showed that acetamiprid nanoemulsions had an almost droplet size distribution (PDI < 200 nm). On this basis, an insecticide acetamiprid was incorporated into an optimized nanoemulsion system to demonstrate potential applications in pest control.

Keywords: Acetamiprid nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion characterization, nanoemulsion stability.

50. Aeshah Muhana Mohammed

Potential action of SAGE extracts to prevent growth of bacteria that isolated from patients that suffering from diarrhea and one type of cancer cell

Abstract: Now, the trend has begun to use some types of herbs, including salvia sage, in the development of medicines and medicinal drugs instead of synthetic drugs because they are antimicrobial and are considered preservatives against food spoilage. Sage is also an aromatic material and is used as a flavoring for foods. This work represented examining the antibacterial impact of the sage extract on four types of pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria in vitro, like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas eruginosa, besides Klebsiella pneumonia, Providencia, and Burkholderia. On the other hand, cytotoxic effects of the ethanol extract of Salvia showed antitumor activity on MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner as the cell viability against MCF-7 cells was decreased with an IC50 of μg/ml. the experimental study of the antibacterial influence of extracted sage plants from ethanol on the evolution of multi-drug resistant bacteria was fulfilled with good diffusion at different concentrations; 50, 150, 200 mg/mL, and microdilution method. disclose the impact of the sage methanol extract on MCF-7 cell viability. In our study, Ethanol extracts of sage in the good diffusion method displayed obvious notable inhibitory against bacterial growth. These results refer to the inhibitory impacts of ethanol extract of sage with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)=8 mg/mL owing to S.aureus, MIC=5 mg/mL for E. coli, MIC=4.4 mg/mL owing to P. aeuginos , MIC=4.2 mg/mL owing to Burkholderia, MIC=5.7 mg/mL owing to Klebsiella pneumonia. The impact found with Providencia. results pointed to a dose-dependently growth inhibition of (63.18% at 250 µg mLG1). In relation to the antibacterial impact of ethanol extracts of Sage on the multi-drug impervious to bacteria the use of herbs as a replacement to antibiotics after pharmacological studies, for treatment is recommended. Methanol extract of sage exhibited profound cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 cell line.  

Keywords: Salvia sclarea, sage, Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, MCF-7 cell line.

51. Rasha Hasan Jasim* and Ahssan Ali Lefta

Galectin-3: A Novel Prognostic Marker For Myocardial Infraction

Abstract: Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) so known coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD), where is result from hindrance of blood transit to muscle of heart cause to collect the lipid and cholesterol on the inner wall of the heart. Because of atherosclerosis, CAD contains many types of disease: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction(MI), and sudden cardiac death. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is known as angioplasty is a non-surgical operation performed using a catheter to cram either inflate a balloon in the narrowing place or stent (a very small and fin grid tube is made of either plastic or metal of stainless steel). So it is covered with medicine to prevent the coronary artery blockage again), to expand or open up the vessels in the muscle of the heart that contain plaque buildup that cause stenosis. Galectin–3  (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that coordinates varied physiological and pathological processes in the body of human. Gal–3 is located in many of the cells and types of tissue and several functions can be described such as macrophage migration promotion, proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen. The best function of Gal–3 is its role as preventer for acute and chronic inflammation. In universe has been related with carcinoma and CVD. Gal–3 has been discovered in various types of cells, like stimulate macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mast cells, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Previous studies have shown that Gal–3 plays different functions in many tissues and played its role in both intra and extracellular. Subjects: One hundred individuals were collected to contribute in the present study. These cases were divided into two groups, the first included 70 patients (their age ranged between 30-66 years) with MI who underwent to elective PCI, were divided to two subgroups; 30 patients with the first PCI and 40 patients underwent to more than one PCI. The second group involved 30 healthy individuals (with the age range 30-55 years) were enrolled in the present study as a control group. Results: The results showed a significant increase (p=0.001) of serum Gal-3 levels in the patients group when compared with those of the control individuals, moreover the result illustrated a statistically significant elevation in the Gal-3 levels  (p=0.000) when comparing the two male subgroups (patients with one PCI and healthy) and same results were observed at the female subgroups were compared together. While there are no significant differences were recorded when the two genders in the same group comparing (p=0.093 for one PCI patients and p=0.563 for healthy individuals). Finally, it was also noted that the highest level of Gal-3 (13.86 ng/mL) in the sample of female patient. Despite the observed increase in the levels of Gal-3 in elderly patients with MI who underwent PCI  more than once, the study did not find significant differences in the Gal-3 levels of their samples compared to younger patients or those who underwent elective PCI for the first time.

Keywords: CVD, CHD, PCI, Lectins, Gal-3

52. Rasha Hasan Jasim* and Mohammed Abbas Khulaibus

Oxytocin and Interleukin-14: New Suggested Indicators For Predication of Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the major risk factors for chronic renal failure (CRF). The present work involved study the effect of lifestyle factors such as (age, gender, smoking and area of residence) which can affect in the chronic renal diseases. Also, the study included an estimation of Oxytocin (Oxt) and Interleukin-14 (IL-14) using the sandwich ELISA technique in the serum of type 2 diabetic patients with CRF who presented to hemodialysis, and a control group. Blood samples of (50) diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with CRF from both sexes were compared with (40) samples taken from healthy individuals as a control group. The results demonstrated significant elevation (p<0.05) in Oxt and IL-14 concentrations for patients with CRF compared to the control group. As for the subgroups, the statistical test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when comparing Oxt levels between the same sex in the two groups. While no significant difference was observed when comparing IL-14 in the same group or in the two groups. The parameters Oxt and IL-14 are necessary tools for predication of renal failure.

Keywords: Oxytocin, Interleukin-14, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hemodialysis

53. Rula  Dhahir Al-Jayid and Huda Jasim M. Altameme

Assessment Of The Genetic Relationships Among Some Latex-Producing Plants By Rapd Markers

ABSTRACT: A review based on the literature reported that plant latex-producing angiosperms are distributed in 40 plant families, and more than 20,000 species are believed to possess laticiferous structures that represent specialized plant cells capable of secreting plant latex, which is one of the extensive defenses in plants against natural enemies. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to find the evolutionary relationship between five latex-producing plant species (Ficus carica L., Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem, Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Nerium oleander L., Euphorbia tirucalli L.) Using Five Primer (OPB18, BH10, BH11, BH14, and OPC2). The combined data revealed that (Ficus carica and Ficus elastica) and (Calotropis procera and Nerium oleander) are the most closely related cultivars. Euphorbia tirucalli, on the other hand, is a distantly related species with a low similarity index. Our study demonstrated that the RAPD technique could be a suitable tool for genotype identification and useful for the differentiation between latex-producing plant species.

Keywords: Latex, Laticifers, RAPD methods, phylogenetic tree.

54. Sadiq Al-Mansury1, Suhad J. Hadi2, Nabah H. Checkor3, Mohammed J. Jawad4, Hussein A. Ghanimi5, Adnan M. Jassim6*, Hawraa T.  Abass7, Rusul Heider 8, Hamzah H. Kzar 9, Moaed E. Al-Gazally10

Evaluation the Analgesic Activity of New Derivatives of Aryl Propionic acid On Gastric Male Mice

ABSTRACT: This study focused on recent synthesis on new compounds created from aryl propionic acid derivatives compared to naproxen. The present study aimed to investigate the safety and efficiency of the new derivatives in improvement of analgesic effect and reduce adverse effects via modifying of its chemical structure by the addition of new functional groups. The new compounds were characterized and evaluate their pharmacodynamics effects. The analysis and characterization of newly compounds were by 1HMNR and FT-IR spectrum. The investigation of the adverse effect after 5 days of remedy with 20 mg/kg daily administered with naproxen derivatives to the healthy male albino mice (25-30 g) for analgesic activity by use hot plate method. Mice were parted into 5 groups, consisted of control group and 4 groups that administered naproxen or derivatives of aryl propionic acid (E, H, D1 and D2).  The main tests are done by a hot plate, biochemical, macroscopic, and microscopic inspection. The results confirmed the new drugs have potent analgesic activity. The results showed the mice which administered with D1 expressed less ulcerative effect in contrast to parent naproxen, H, E and ethanol.  Moreover, a number of lesions were significantly less in D2 group, while D1 treated mice recorded no evidence of ulcers or hemorrhage seen in stomachs after examined under dissecting microscope. The study concluded that the new D1 derivative is a compound worthy of research and future clinical applications, due to its relatively high efficacy and low adverse effects compared to other derivatives prepared tested in this study.

Key word: Analgesic, Aryl propionic acid, Naproxen, Acidity

55. Huda Mawlood Taher1*, Ali Hasan Mohamed2, Selda Saeed Yaseen3

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among children in Kirkuk city, Iraq.

Abstract: Intestinal parasites are endemic in many developing areas, and they are regarded one of the most frequent tropical diseases, where they are responsible for adult and child morbidity and mortality. The current study is a survey to find out the prevalence of intestinal   parasite infections in patients who attending to the General Hospital for Pediatric in Kirkuk city during the period from Jan. 2021 to Sep. 2021. Stool samples were examined by direct smear method with normal saline 0.9 % Nacl and 1% iodine-lugol solution staining method to determine the outcomes of the current investigation. The results were assessed using the Q-square statistic test. The current study's findings revealed that the intestinal parasites were reported in 69(31.7), the most affected group of patients with intestinal parasites, those with 1-3 years old (11.4%), Intestinal protozoa infection were (24.3%) significantly more than helminthes with (7.4%). The most common protozoa were Entamoeba histolytica (17.9%), the next common protozoan found was Giardia lamblia (6.4%). Intestinal helminthes infections were reported in this study (7.4%). Males were more infected with intestinal parasites (18.4%) than females (13.3%). The highest infection rate with intestinal parasites was recorded at the period between Aug. (6.4%) and Sep. (4.6%). Double infection was detected in three cases was infected with both Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia at the same time no triple infection was reported during this study. This study demonstrates that Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children in Kirkuk city, and this infection was affected by sex, age and month.

KEY WORDS: Intestinal parasitic infections, Intestinal protozoa, Intestinal helminthes, Kirkuk.

56. Jamal Almadhidi*, Abdullah Ali Mohammed and Husam Hadi Jasim

Study of some biochemical parameters in the serum of infected and recovered patients with COVID-19.

Abstract Background: Few biochemical and immunological studies have been conducted on Iraqis infected with novel coronaviruses and also Patients' post-recovery condition is unknown, therefore we aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 on some biochemical compounds in the serum of the infected subjects, and to follow up the impact after 6-7 months. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in Baghdad-Iraq from October to December 2021, and the study included four groups (each group consisted of 20 subjects): Group (A) Infected subjects without vaccination; group (B) Recovered subjects without vaccination; group (C) Recovered subjects after vaccination; and group (D) Non-infected subjects after vaccination. Subjects with COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR and vaccinated individuals received the same type of vaccine. We measured some positive acute phase reactants (ferritin, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer), antibodies (IgM and IgG), and enzymes (LDH, AST, and ALT) in the subjects serum.  Results: Increased the level of ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and LDH in the serum of infected subjects (group A). The antibodies levels in the four groups were elevated while the liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were in the normal values. Elevation of LDH level also in the serum of recovered subjects (groups B and C). Conclusion: Elevated ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer levels may not remain in infected patients after recovery from COVID-19 except for LDH which is still elevated in some Iraqi subjects in Baghdad.

Keywords: Iraq, COVID-19, Vaccine, Acute Phase Reactants, Antibodies, Liver enzymes.

57. Dalal Abbass Kadham, Auda Jabbar Braihi and Hanaa Jawad Kadham

Impacts of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) on the properties of electrospum polymeric nanofibers

Abstract: Three polymeric solutions; PVA, Collagen and Hyaluronic acid (HAc) were prepared and mixed by (55:22.5:22.5) ratios to prepare what named the net polymeric solution. Also, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) solution was prepared and added to the neat solution by three ratios (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%), which then pumped by electrospinning technique to create nanofiber bead. Solutions results showed that G. lucidum, caused drag reduction, decreasing the viscosities, facilities solution flow inside the needle and leading to formation of fine nano fibers easily. Also, at low G. lucidum ratios, the electrostatic repulsion overcome the surface tension, which enables fibers to escape from the "Taylor cone" tip and gather on the collector. As well as, the electrical conductivity increased due to the ease of movement of HAc ions as a result of viscosity reduction. FTIR results proved no losses of any component of the net blend and there is no chemical reaction among them. Results of the obtained nano fiber showed that, with the G. lucidum addition, there is an increment in fiber diameter, number of beads, goodness of orientation and the surface roughness. G. lucidum, also, reduced the wettability, the crystallinity and the enthalpy consumed during thermal transition.

Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, FESEM, Directionality Histogram, Electrospinning , Wettability.

58. MOHAMMED AMER KAMIL1, HAZIMA MOSSA ALABASSI2 And ZAHRAA HUSSEIN M. KADR3

Role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in pathogenicity of Iraqi patients with SLE

ABSTRACT: Background: Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been described as a chronic inflammatory illness where chemokines play an important role in its pathogenesis CX3CL1and CX3CR1 are chemokines that described their crucial role in immune response in SLE patients. Aim of the study: To evaluate the serum level of CX3CL1- CX3CR1 , C3,C4 & ESR  Abs in SLE patients without treatment and compare their level with those under treatment (hydroxychloroquin ,predeslone5-20mg ,D3). Patients collecting and Methods: 120 females with SLE and healthy, with ages ranged between 20-40 years, were involved in this investigation from Medical City (Consultant of Arthritis, Consultant of Dermatology, Lobby of Hematology and Arthritis)/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital and from Al-Imameen Al-Kazimeen Teaching Hospital from August 26 to October 18, 2021. The samples were included 80females with SLE (40 females as an early diagnosed patients (G2) without treatment, 40 females as patients that received treatment subjects (hydroxychloroquin, predeslone5-20mg, D3) (G3), while the control group included 40 healthy females (G1). Five mL of venous blood were obtained from patients and healthy females for measuring C3, C4 & ESR and serum levels of CX3CL1and CX3CR1 which were measured using ELISA method. Results: Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in the serum levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and ESR. also, significant decreases in serum levels of C3, C4 in SLE patients (with and without treatment) in comparison to control group as well as a significant difference was detected between SLE patients without treatment and patients those receiving treatment. Conclusion: Based on our results, we can be concluded that CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE as they are increased in SLE patients. In addition, serum CX3CL1levels can be used as an independent biomarker of SLE activity. Furthermore, low levels of c3,c4 and  high levels of  ESR are considered as a diagnostic indicator of SLE disease in people.

Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, CX3CL1; CX3CR1. C3,C4

59. Satar M. Kadam

Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes assessed from 99mTC single photon emission tomography technique during stress and rest in relation to age in normal volunteers

Abstract: Background: The heart is subject to structural and functional changes with advancing age. Left ventricular compliance appears to decline with age, which could explain why the elderly have such a high rate of heart failure. Changes in heart function with age are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and morbidity. Various techniques have been used to measure the impact of age on heart structure and function. Subject and methods:  The study included 221 healthy adult male and female volunteers (160 females and 61 males, 20–80 years of age). All healthy subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They were classified according to their age. All healthy subjects who were enrolled in the study underwent myocardial perfusion imaging following the 2-day rest–stress 99mTc sestamibi (GSPECT) protocol. At rest and during stress, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction using the GSPECT software were assessed both at rest and during stress for comparison. The following parameters were measured: left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The results show that the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased during rest and stress in all age group. In contrast, the change in left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) increased during stress and rest compared with the left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) for all age. Results show that a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (16.49%, 30.35%, -7.49%) with p value < 0.05 for group (20- 49). Also a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (12.13%, 24.86%,-1.62%)  respectively with  p value <0.05. for age range (50-80) years. In conclusion, in people with no cardiac functional or structural problems, the aging process is linked to considerable alterations in left and right ventricular EF, ESV, and EDV. When assessing SPECT with 99mTc investigations, our findings highlight the need to adopt age-adapted data as a standard of reference.

Keywords : SPECT with 99mTC, Age, , Hemodynamics, Rest and Stress

60. Esraa Abd -alhuseein Jasim, Kamal Benyamin Esho and Nagham Salah Salim

Study the Genetic Performance for Some Faba Bean Genotypes Under Mosul Condition, Iraq

Abstract: Throughout the agricultural season fall 2020/2021, the research has been carried out in vegetable researches field of the Dept. of Horticulture and Landscaping, Univ. of Mosul, to investigate the genetic performance of several Faba bean genotypes under consideration Mosul conditions. Seeds of 7 bean cultivars were sown (S2009-175, FBSPN2, Aguadulce, ILD1814, Histal, Favada Orio, and Luzde otono). The genotypes differed considerably in all of the examined variables at a probability threshold of 5%, according to the results of an Anova table analysis of sources of variance. The genotype FBSPN2 has been superior in characteristics of plant height and seed yields regarding each one of the experimental units, S2009-175 produced the maximum number of the dry pods for each plant, Favada Orio in the trait of seed length and pod weight, and Histal produced maximum diameter of a pod and in number of the seeds in each one of the pods and in diameter of seed for each experimental unit. The genetic and phenotypic variance was high for weight of the pods for each one of the plants, weight of 100 seeds, and the height of the plant, according to the results of the genetic parameter analysis, and the percentage of heritability in a broader sense had exceeded 60% for the traits, number of pods, and plant length. For the experimental unit, dry pods weight for each plant, dry pods per plant, seed diameter, pod length and diameter, dry seed yield, and 100-seed weight were all high, and genetic improvement for pods weight, seed weight, and weight  of a 100-seeds was high as well.

Key words:Faba bean, Seed properties, Genetic parameter, Genotypes, Heritability.

61. Raghda Waleed Khalid1, Yasir Hamad Humada2 and Muhannad Abdullah Alazzawy3

Detection of HPV-16 in Cervical Swab in Woman with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Real-Time PCR

Abstract: Background: Human Papilloma Virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It is one of the causes of a series of neoplasms, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and head-and-neck cancers and laryngeal papillomatosis. Aims of the study: The aim of the current study was to the role of human papillomavirus and its relationship to the incidence of recurrent miscarriages. Material and Method: A cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out in Kirkuk city from the beginning of September 2021 to the end of February 2022 on 114 women attended Gynecological and Pediatric Hospital aged 20-40 years. The study also included 20 women who had previous two or more normal pregnancies and with no history of abortion served as controls. Patients with chronic diseases, clinical evidence of genitourinary infection, women suffering from any bacterial or viral infection related to abortion, such as Rubella, cytomegalovirus, Human Herpes Virus, and Toxoplasma parasites, were excluded from the study. Deep vaginal swabs were collected from all women enrolled in the study according to standard procedure of vaginal swab sampling; those swabs were inserted in tubes contained viral transport medium and stored in deep freeze until PCR extraction and amplification tests done by real-time PCR for qualitative and quantitative. Results: The study showed that the 10.53% (12 of 114) of RPL patients who positive by PCR while non one no one of control patients have by PCR +ve results. The study showed that 39.02 percent of the cases with 3 times of miscarriage were within the age group 30-39 years. Also, 67.65 percent of women with 4 times of miscarriage were in the age group <30 years while 46.15 percent of women with history of miscarriage for 5 times and more were above 40 years old. Quantitative results indicated that the mean HPV DNA load detected by RT-PCR in deep vaginal swab from the RPL group (n = 12) was 10.95 copy/cell (range 7.665–15.75 copy/cell). The study demonstrated that the high mean of HPV DNA load (13.724 copy/cell) was recorded among RPL with number of abortion (5 and more) and the lowest mean (7.953 copy/cell) was RPL women with 3 time aborted previously.

Keywords:  RPL; HPV DNA,; E6 protein;  RT-PCR;

62. Abrar Ali Ahmed1* and Prof Dr Ban Sahib Diab2

The effect of sleep disorders on periodontal disease related to salivary alpha amylase among dental students

Abstract: Background: College students experience a number of sleep problems, which may impact on academic performance and health including periodontal health. The purpose of study was to assess the effect of sleep disorders on periodontal health related to salivary alpha amylase. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done among dental students aged 22 - 23 years attending College of Dentistry in Al- Kufa University, 270 students were participated in this study, a questionnaire completed by those students was used to collect information about sleep disorders [Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI)].  Community Periodontal Index (CPI) by WHO in 1997 was used to assess periodontal health. Unstimulated Salivary samples was chemically analyzed for the detection of alpha-amylase using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay. Results:  It was found that the prevalence of poor sleep quality among dental students was 58.9% , Concerning periodontal status the occurrence of  students  with health sextant as the highest score (CPI0) was higher among students with  poor sleep quality (81.13%) than this for students with good sleep quality (75.67%),  apposite result were found concerning students with gingival bleeding and calculus as the highest score , on the other hand the mean value of salivary alpha  amylase was found to be  higher for students those who have poor sleep quality than those who have good sleep quality, yet the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Students of good sleep quality more suffering from periodontal disease than students of poor sleep quality, but salivary alpha amylase was higher in students with poor sleep quality than in those with good sleep quality.

Keywords: Pittsburg sleep quality index, sleep disorder, alpha amylase, periodontal disease

63. Asma G. Oraibi1*, Alaa A. Rashad2 and Maysaa H. Ahmed1

Green-Synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Carum carvi plant, and studying its effects on some of biochemical and physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum plant in vitro

Abstract: The experimental work of this article focused on the modern nanoscience as a green-synthesis of metal nanoparticles (CuNPs) and its effect on some of biochemical and physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum plant. The results exhibited the color change in the C. carvi aqueous extract from clear deep brown to greenish color and this observation indicated the green-biosynthesis of CuNPs by reduction of Cu+ to Cu ͦ. Also the absorbance broadening band for the green-biosynthetic CuNPs that appeared at the 340nm wavelength using Uv-vis but the C. carvi aqueous extract not shown any peaks at this wavelength. SEM analysis exhibited the micrographic surface morphology and the shape of the green-biosynthetic CuNPs with a scan area of 50µm and shown the spherical shape particles of CuNPs aggregation. The three-dimentional image and the surface morphology of green-biosynthesized CuNPs and C. carvi aqueous extract were examined using AFM analysis that shown the surface of C. carvi aqueous extract was 45.5nm size with non-homologus and irregular form of distribution, but the green-biosynthesized CuNPs were 12.4nm size in nanoscale with regular and homogenous distribution form. The results also shown that the effect of bio-synthesized copper nanoparticles was evident on the Solanum lycopersicum seedlings fresh and dry weight according to the different reading times after treatment with nanoparticles. Also the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml (CuNPs) showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll content recording 58.51 μg.cm² in the day 21 after treatment and a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme was obtained at the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml (CuNPs) at the day 21 after germination, recording 35.12 unit.mg protein-1.

Key words: Copper nanoparticles, Solanum lycopersicum, Carum carvi or Green-Synthesis of nanoparticles.

64. Abid, W.  E1; Gdayea, I. A.1 and Oraibi, A. G.2*

Bio-Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and detect its antitumor activity against human skin cancer cell line (A375).

Abstract: In this study, Lepidium sativum seeds were collected from the local markets in Baghdad, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were manufactured from the aqueous extract of  Lepidium sativum  by adding zinc acetate in a green, safe and environmentally friendly manner: the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was inferred by changing the color of the extract from white to yellow, and for the purpose of Detection of biosynthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles Examinations were conducted to detect these nanoparticles, including diagnosis using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the size of the nanoparticles (13) nm and the surface roughness (80.51) nm compared with the aqueous extract, which amounted to (23) nm and (57.22) nm respectively. The diagnosis using UV rays showed a peak absorption of nanoparticles at (350) nm compared with the aqueous extract, which reached (248) nm. As for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination, it was found that the size of the nanoparticles ranged between (46.97 - 81.07) nanometers, compared with the aqueous extract, which reached (676 - 591.8) nanometers. To determine the toxic or inhibitory effect against A375 cancer cells and HdFn normal skin cells, MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed for aqueous extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The results showed that the aqueous extract was effective against the cancerous cell line A375, as the viability of the cells decreased with the increase in the concentration of the aqueous extract, and the IC50 ratio was equal to 140.0 mg/ml for the A375 cancer cells, and the IC50 ratio was equal to 179.9 mg/ml for the normal HdFn cells. As for zinc oxide nanoparticles, the effectiveness was stronger than that of the aqueous extract, and the vitality of cells was reduced in the cancerous line A375 and the normal line HdFn, the higher the concentration of nanoparticles, and the IC50 ratio was equal to 59.46 mg/ml for the cancerous line, and the IC50 ratio was equal to 196.9 mg/ml for the normal line.

Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Lepidium sativum, antitumor activity or A375 cancer cells.

65. Ghena S. Al-Hadithi, Nebrass Faleh and Hassan A. A. Al-Saady   

Effect of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient state of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum–graecum L.)

Abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different level of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18 g.pot-1), peat-moss (12mg.pot-1) and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) (1g.pot-1) on some yield components (length, No. and weight of pods and No. and weight of seeds) and alkaloids concentration in seed of fenugreek according to the complete randomized design with six replicates. The study was achieved by using high performance liquated chromatography (HPLC) technology. The analysis of HPLC data shows that the four alkaloids (choline, trigonelline, carpaine and gentianine) been separated and purified. The result showed that significant difference between different fertilizers levels on yield components and alkaloid concentration and treatment 12g.pot-1 give high value of studied characteristics mention above. Also, results showed that seed rich of trigonelline.  

Key words: alkaloids, vermicompost, trigonlline and fenugreek

66. Waqeed Mahdi hadif1, Saja Abdullah Mohammed1 and Izyanti Ibrahim2

The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Enhancing the Antioxidant System of Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Growing under Conditions of Salt Stress

Abstract: This study was carried out on wheat growing during the 2020 growing season.discover the effect of soaking wheat seeds with a hydrogen peroxide solution on the increased ability of the crop to withstand salt stress.The hydrogen peroxide factor involved the use of six concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5) m mol, while the salt concentration depended on salt water irrigation.(Na+cl-) salt when the concentration(75) m.mol.during the growing season, a number of features such as the relative water content of the leaves.Total chlorophyll, total soluble sugar, carotene, H2O2 content, prolin, glutathione (GSH).malondialdehyde (MDA) content and K/Na ratio, the results showed that increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide at some 2 m.mol limit reached the highest levels.H2O2 content and thus enhance proline activity.glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), an indication which has helped to improve plants' ability to resist saline stress.

Key words: HydrogenPeroxide, Sodium chloride, Antioxidant, Wheat, Salt Stress

67. Hussein A. M. Al-Bayati 1*, Gufran J. Shamkhi 2, AL-Aidy S. R. 3, Hasanain A.J. Gharban 4

Serological Detection, Isolation and Molecular Confirmation of Parainfluenza Virus-3 in Camels, Iraq

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to detection and isolation of the Parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV-3) in camels naturally developed respiratory illness, and to determine the titer of the isolates using the virus titration. Therefore, an overall 100 nasal swab and jugular vein blood samples were collected from diseased camels existed in four districts in Wasit province (Iraq) during December (2019) to March (2020). The swabs were subjected for six subsequent passages on bovine kidney cell culture (BKCC) to isolate of virus and to confirm of infection by molecular PCR assay. Fever (40°C), abundant runny nasal discharge, ocular discharge, coughing, depression, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal breath sounds, mostly wheezing are the most observed clinical signs. Positive findings were involved 24% by ELISA and 37% by RT-PCR. The age group from 1-2 years old showed a high infection rate, while lower level was in 4-6 years old group. Regarding season, infection rate was high at winter compared to spring. Obviously, Sheik Saad city appeared to have a high infection rate compared to other districts. The positive samples inoculated into the Bovine kidney cell culture (BKCC) were revealed the cytopathic effects (CPE) after three successive passages, which appeared as clumping and rounding with the progression of infection time at 4th passage. Elongation and giant cell formation were showed in some isolates after the 5th and 6th passages until reach to complete detachments of the cells from cell sheet. The titer of viral tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the 3rd passage was determined in BKCC cells at 10–3/0.05 ml, and the high titer was shown at 5th and 6th passages in equal to 10-5/ 0.05 ml. In conclusion, PIV-3 is widespread among camels infected with respiratory illness; therefore, moreover studies are necessary to detect the rate of prevalence among camels in other Iraqi regions.

Keywords: PIV-3, Fusion protein gene, Hemagglutination protein gene, ELISA, PCR

68. M.M. Rajaa Ali Hassan

Study the effect of olive leave extract and mango peel extract in treatment the diabetic disease in the mice

ABSTRACT: The current study aimed to find out the effect of olive leaf extract and mango peel extract on diabetic mice. Diabetes was created in the mice by using intravenously alloxan 100 mg/kg for injection. The experimental mice were divided into four groups. The first group were considered as normal controls. The second group were diabetic control. The third , group diabetic group treatment with olive leaf extract 100 mg/kg B.w i.p 5 days and four group diabetic group treatment with mango peel extract  100 mg /kg .B.w  i.p 5 days , According to  the biochemical observations, the  levels of serum glucose, there was a significant decrease in serum glucose of  diabetic group  under  treatment  with  olive leaf extract lower than blood glucose level for diabetic mice treatment with mango peel extract compared with control group .use herbal treatment olive leaf extract to diabetic mice helps maintain normal sugar level in the blood.

Keywords: olive leave, mango peel, diabetic disease

69. Sahar F. Abbas1*, Wasan M. Abd–ALHameed2 and Jumbad H. Tomma3

Synthesis, characterization and study the Biological Activity of Some New Compounds Containing Triazine and 1, 3, 4- Thiadiazol units

Abstract: The work involves synthesis of new four types from N-acetyl derivatives Va-d, starting from 1,2,4-triazines. Carboxylic acid compound II (which was get from reacted compound I with α-chloroacetic acid in fused MeCOONa and ethanol) treated with thiosemecarbazid in POCl3 to give 1,3,4-thiadiazol compound III. Schiff bases resulted from condensation of thiadiazole III with different benzaldehydes to form IVa-d which were converted to N-acetyl derivatives under addition reaction with acetyl chloride. Antibacterial activity of new synthesized compounds have been checked against E.coli gram (-), Klebsiella pneumoniae gram (-), Staph. aureus gram (+) , and also on Strep .mutans gram (+). FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy were used for characterized of synthesized compounds.

Keywords: Triazine, 1,3,4-Thiadiazol, Schiff bases and  N-acetyl compounds.

70. Aqeel J. Nassir1*, Dakhil R. Ndawi2 & Sadiq J. Muhsin1

The Effects of Five Different Types of Combined Tillage Machines on Soil Properties and Yield of Maize

Abstract: This study was conducted in silty clay loam soil, and concerns the effect of tillage treatments on soil properties, the yield of maize, and economic analysis. The experiment design included five types of combined tillage machines: (T1) combined tillage machine consisting of a subsoiler operating at depth of 60 cm, a chisel plow, disk harrow, and roller, (T2) same (T1) except subsoiler operating at depth of 40 cm, (T3) combined tillage machine consisting of a subsoiler operating at depth of 60 cm, a chisel plow, (T4) same (T3) except subsoiler operating at depth of 40 cm, and (T5) combined tillage machine consisting of a chisel plow and, disk harrow. The results showed that deep tillage by T1 and T3 can significantly improve the soil structure and physical properties, the soil bulk density, EC, and penetration resistance decreased, while the saturated water conductivity and MWD of both tillage treatments (T1 and T3) increased significantly compared with T2, T4, and T5. The results revealed that the sampling period had a significant effect (p<0.05) on physical properties. The soil bulk density, MWD, and EC decreased by 5.51, 14.18, and 43.60% respectively, while the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and penetration resistance increased by 36.17 and 43.53% when compared between the start and end season of maize growth. However, T1 achieved the highest grain yield compared with T2, T3, T4, and T5 by 14.18, 7.02, 36.52, and 53.17%, respectively.  

Key word: Combined tillage machine, Soil properties, Maize yield

71. Rana A.H. Al-Sarray 1 and Sattar J. J. Al-Shaeli

Histological Detection and Anti-oxidant Effect of Bee Venom on the Pancreas of Diabetic Mice

Abstract: Recently animal toxin including bee venom BV draw attention in medical field as alternative therapy to control and manage several diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to limited researches focused on the potential role of BV to enhance T2DM in Iraq, thus the study aimed to detect the histological and anti-oxidant impact of BV in diabetic mice. Fifteen male mice were randomly assigned into three groups. The first group is control (C), the second is diabetic (received 95 mg/kg alloxan only), and the last group is BV (diabetic exposed to 1 mg/kg BV daily). The blood was obtained at the end of 30 days, and serum was used to measure the level of glucose, insulin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) kits. Furthermore, the pancreas of all animals undergoes histological assessment using special Gomori stain. Alloxan caused significant elevation and reduction in the level of glucose and insulin respectively compared to control. These alterations were positively enhanced by BV which decreased and increased the glucose and insulin levels respectively. BV also promoted significant elevation in the activity of SOD and suppressed the activity of MDA compared to diabetic mice.  Histological investigation of the diabetic mice pancreas displayed clear alteration in the histological structure of the pancreas. These alterations including reduction of capsular tissue, islets and beta cells vacuolization, beta cells initial degeneration, reduction in the shape and size of the islets and beta cells, and vascular hemorrhage. All these changes were remarkably enhanced nearly to normal in response to BV. Therefore, using BV could participate in control the diabetic condition which may consider potential anti-diabetic agent.

KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, SOD, MDA, pancreas, mice, BV

72. Galib A. A. Alkaabi* and D. Firas S. Al-Ani

Effect Of The Different Tractor Speeds On Performance On Potato Digger

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of the Technical Institute in Shatrah 2022 to study the effect of different tractor speeds, conveyor chain speeds and its type on some performance indicators of a potato digger. severely scratched tubers and slightly scratched tubers, and quantitative loss were studied in this research. Indicator involved three levels of tractor forward speeds (2.5, 3.20 ,4.0 km / h), and two levels of conveyor chain speeds (43, 49) m/ min and two level of type of chain conveyor of iron bars and rubber-coated. The complete random design with three replications was used in the research. The results showed that the tractor speed 2.5 km/h in gets the severely scratched tubers, which amounted to 3.03%, and the slightly scratched amounted to 12.37%, and the lowest quantitative loss was 1.16%. while the speed of the chain conveyor 43 m/min gets the lowest percentage of severely scratched tubers, which amounted to 4.53% and slightly scratched. It was 14.10%, and the speed of the chain conveyor was 49 m/min. The lowest quantitative loss was 2.09%, and the rubber rods had the lowest percentage of severely scratched tubers, slight scratched and quantitative loss.

Keyword: qualitative loss, severely scratched, slightly scratched.                         

73. Nawras Jawad Ali, Wisam Gheni Mahdi, Ayyed Odhafa Jasim,  Kassim Raisan Dekhil , Muthanna Saleem Abdulameer

Comparative study between CT Scan and Intraoperative Endoscopic Findings in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

ABSTRACT: Background: Paranasal  sinus  diseases  are  one  of  the communest causes of  patients  visit  to  an  Otolaryngologist.  The  symptoms  are  multiple  and nonspecific,  while  inspection  is  often  limited  as  sinuses  cannot  be examined  directly.  Anterior  rhinoscopy  gives  little  information  about middle meatus and osteomeatal unit. Objective: The study is carried out with an objective to compare the CT scan  findings  and  diagnostic  endoscopic  findings  with    operative  nasal endoscopy findings in patients with chronic rhinosinusits. Methods:  A  cross  sectional  study dealt  with  36  patients  with  chronic rhinosinusitis  not  responding  to  routine  medical  lines  of  treatment  were selected and operated after being thoroughly investigated by means of CT scan  and  nasal  endoscopy.  All  patients    underwent  bilateral  surgery,  a total  of  72  events  were  carried  out. Verdicts of both the CT scan as well  as  analytic  nasal  endoscopy  were  correlated  with  operative findings. Results: In the current study, a high association was found between both the modalities of assessment  i.e CT scan and operative nasal endoscopy. Indicative  nasal  endoscopy  is  found  to  be  highly  specific  investigatory modality  with  mean  specificity  (87.5%),  while  it’s  mean  sensitivity(79.5%).Whereas  CT-scan  was  highly  sensitive  (92.5%),  while  it’s specificity was (84.18%). Conclusion  :  Both  nasal  endoscopy  and CT-scan  are  objective  measures that can increase the accuracy of chronic rhinosinusitis diagnosis. The use of  symptoms,  CT-scan,  and  nasal  endoscopy  may  prove  to  be  the  most accurate approach for reaching the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Keywords:  Paranasal  sinus  disease,  CT  scan,  Diagnostic  nasal, endoscopy, Endoscopic sinus surgery.

74. Doaa Adel Qasim

Isolation and identification of some types of histamine producing bacteria from shrimp in local markets

ABSTRACT: Different genera and species of bacteria were isolated from shrimp, which were brought from Al-Faw area in Basra governorate, and these isolates were diagnosed after purification through studying their phenotypic characteristics and conducting API confirmation, biochemical tests, motility examination and staining with gram stain, in addition to using different types of diagnostic tools bacteria. Twenty five bacterial isolates of genera and species of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed from shrimp. Morganella morganii sub. Morganii,, Klebsiella pneumonia sub. Pneumonia, Proteus marina,  Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter taylorae, Cronobacter sakazakii,  Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas sobria. The results of the detection of histamine-producing bacteria, which were detected by using broth media such as Histamine decarboxylase broth (H.D.B.), Trypticase Soy broth-Histidine (TSBH) and solid media such as Histamine decarboxylase agar (H.D.A.) showed that all bacteria were producing histamine in different proportions except Aeromonas sobria and Hafnia alvei were non-histamine-producing.

Keywords: histamine, shrimp, bacterial contamination

75. Zainab M. Abbood1, Salwa S. Naif1 and Osama T. Al-Taai1*                                                   

Effect of Cloud Cover Types on SolarRadiation Types for Selected Stations in Iraq

Abstract: Earth's system emits longwave radiation into space, while incoming shortwave radiation enters the atmosphere (incoming SW radiation). Solar energy is absorbed by the Earth's surface, which then transports the heat to the atmosphere above. Cloud cover is a critical atmospheric component affecting solar radiation, which has a considerable impact on the global energy budget for cooling and heating. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting collects data on sunspot numbers, cloud cover types, sunshine during of time for hrs, maximum net solar radiation for clear skies; maximum solar radiation; and maximum incident solar radiation (all in Watts per square metre) (ECMWF). The stations in Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra were omitted in favour of the time period under consideration (1979-1983). Monthly averages of the four forms of solar radiation, as well as the link between these four types of solar radiation and the four types of radiation they produce, may be of interest to interested parties. There was an inverse association between “TCC” and “Top” in the data for all three sites Mosul and Basra have the highest connection, whereas Baghdad lies in the middle of the correlation scale. Seasons with the highest TCC concentrations were winter and spring, respectively. Mosul had the highest cloud cover, while Basra had the lowest.

Keywords: Iraq, Solar radiation types, Cloud cover types, ECMWF, Radiation budget.

76. Ahmed A. Al-Behadili1, Osama T. Al-Taai1* and Abdul Haleem Ali Al-Muhyi2       

Analysis of ship accident resulting from bad weather conditions in the port of Khor Al-Zubair, Iraqi crane accident Aba Thar: a case study

Abstract: The Arabian Gulf region is regarded as one of the world's most significant commercial areas, with large-scale and continuous marine shipments of commodities and goods to and from the Gulf. Iraqi ports are one of the most important ports in the Gulf, and they are a vital source of revenue for the Iraqi economy because of the money they bring in, as any stoppage of operations or damage to the ports may lead Iraq to lose a significant amount of money and halt shipping operations. Maritime accidents are one of the most significant concerns that have resulted in the suspension of maritime navigation and loading and unloading activities in Iraqi ports, since there are various forms of marine accidents at the ports and many causes. With this study, we will look at maritime accidents caused by bad weather, as there have been many recent marine mishaps and ship collisions caused by bad weather, resulting in the loss of life and equipment, as well as halting marine activities. We'll look at a few incidents and the meteorological conditions that contribute to them, as well as the link between them and the most likely cause of the accident. We will study an accident that occurred in the port of Khor Al-Zubair in 2018, which is considered one of the most important ports of Iraq, as it contains berths for importing and exporting goods, as well as on many of the Iraqi oil export berths, the accident of the Iraqi crane, Aba Thar. This report advises Iraqi port officials to limit activity in severe weather in order to reduce accidents that lead to loss of life and equipment, as well as significant economic losses to the country.

Keywords: Khor Al-Zubair, Maritime accidents, Aba Thar, Bad weather, The Arabian Gulf

77. Hind Yarub Abdul-Wahab* and Hayder Raad Abdulbaqi

Does Matcha tea enhance oral health? A narrative review

Abstract: Matcha tea is a fine-powdered green tea characterized by its special “Umami” taste. It is a popular beverage prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis plant which is growing under shade few weeks prior harvesting the leaves. Consequently, Matcha tea is a green tea possessing distinctive proportions of bioactive chemicals. The health promoting effects of Matcha tea are well-documented. Matcha tea constituents have diverse beneficial biological activities such as anticarcinogenic, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well as enhancing cognitive function. On the other hand, no researches regarding oral health promoting properties of Matcha tea have been conducted yet. Oral health benefits of Matcha tea are always granted to green tea. This review highlights the health promoting properties of Matcha tea as well as its chemical composition. Also, it summarizes the oral health benefits of green tea as a representative for matcha tea. It is highly suggested to investigate the benefits of Matcha tea for enhancing oral health as it shares bioactive components with green tea, but at different proportions.

Keywords: Matcha tea, oral health, Camellia sinensis

78. Hayder Nsiefe Jasim* and Issam Jumaa Nasser

Comparative study of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients of covid19 in inflammatory markers in Diyala governorate.

Abstract: This study was conducted in Diyala Governorate for the period from September 2021 to October 2022 and included the study of chemical variables and what is known as inflammatory markers such as LDH, D DIMER, CRP and FERRITIN. It was observed these chemical variables change and are affected in both vaccinated and unvaccinated corona patients. This study was conducted first to find out these variables and study them with vaccinated patients and compare them with non-vaccinated patients Secondly, to study the types of vaccines that were given against corona disease and know whether one type is better than the other according to these variables, knowing that these variables mentioned representing the severity of the disease the result was Present study show there are significant differences (p<0.05)  between LDH, D dimer, and ferritin parameters and study groups. the LDH, D dimer, and ferritin parameters scored the highest mean value in Unvaccinated patients (442.46±150.78, 1016.16± 400.77, and 290.61±122.02), and the lowest mean value in vaccinated patients (232.95±111.82, 929.46± 340.54, and 58.55±25.80) respectively compared to healthy groups The LDH scored the highest mean value in unvaccinated females (448.50±166.33), and least mean value in vaccinated males (192.01±88.85), D dimer scored the highest mean value in vaccinated males (1115.36±500.26), and the least mean value in healthy males (357.54±83.25), ferritin scored highest mean value in unvaccinated males (382.95±150.79), and least mean value in vaccinated females (53.19±21.44) compared to other values. The present study showed significant differences (p<0.05) between CRP parameters and vaccine types. The CRP scored the highest mean value in patients with the Pfizer vaccine (214.65±88.51) and the least mean value with AstraZeneca (125.36±55.40).

Keywords: covid19, inflammatory markers, D-dimer

79. R. E. Y. Al-Hayali1, Idrees H. M. AL-Jaf2, Falah, H. R. AL Miahy3, Ahmed F. Z. Al-Dulaimy4

Evaluation of Orange and Biofertilizer on Some Yield Traits of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Abstract: In the year 2021, in one of the communities in the Abu Ghraib area of Baghdad, a factorial experiment was carried outto study the effect of adding organic manure(poultry,cattle andsheep)and dry bread yeast suspension on certain yield characteristics of cucumber plants (Hadeel hybrid) grown in a greenhouse.Results showed that poultry wastegave the best effects in the fruit set (67.21%), diameter offruit)2.58 cm(,number of fruit (36.81 fruit plant-1), weight of fruit (66.00 g), and the yield (2.42 kg plant-1).The poultry manurecaused a reduction in the peel thickness to a minimum value of (0.145mm).When compared to the control treatment, adding dry yeast suspension to plants improved all yield parameters tested.

Key words: Cucumber, sheep manure, cattlemanure, dry yeast, poultry manure, yield.

80. Idrees H. M. AL-Jaf1, R. E. Y. Al-Hayali2, Ahmed F. Z. Al-Dulaimy3*, Falah, H. R. AL Miahy4

Response of Cucumber Pants to the Addition of Animal waste and Dry Yeast Suspension

Abstract: A factorial experiment was carried out during the year 2021, in one of the villages in the Abu Ghraib district – Baghdad,to evaluate the effect of adding animal waste and dry bread yeast suspension on some vegetative growth characters of cucumber plants (Hadeel hybrid) grown under a protected environment.Three types of animal wastes (cattle, sheep and poultry) and dry bread yeast suspension were selected and the control treatment without adding any organic waste.The results indicated that poultry manure showed the best effects in the studied traits, which included leaf area )31.69 cm2(, dry weight of shoot )40.0 g(, number of leaves )32.73 leafplant-1), stem diameter (11.48 mm), plant length (224.3 cm) and number of nodes 33.73 node plant-1).On the other hand, the addition of dry yeast suspension to plants showed an improvement in all studied of vegetative growth characters compared to the control treatment.

Key words: Cucumber, fertilize, organic manure, bio fertilizer, vegetative growth.

81. Zahraa H. Kadhim1, Mais E. Ahmed2* and Ilker Şimşek3

Biologically synthesised Copper Nanoparticles from S. epidermidis on resistant S. aureus and cytotoxic assay

ABSTRACT: The risky of a major concern resistance antibiotic s become for public health. The alternative treatment  metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such heavy metals effects on antibiotic resistance bacteria  different type antibiotic- impossible to treat using noval  eco-friendly synthesis technique nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO NPs) preparation from S. epidermidis  showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus Minimum inhibitory concentra range (16,32,64,256,512) µg/ml via well diffusion method in vitro, discover those concentrations effected in those bacteria and the best concentration is 64 µg/ml ,characterization CuO NPs to prove this included  atomic force microscope, UV , X-ray Diffraction and TEM and anticancer activity was tested against cell membrane A375. The cells viability was decreased with increasing the CuNPs and displayed adose-dependent sequence of progressive cytotoxicity beginning at lower concentration to its maximum inhibition (22)% inhibition of HdFn cells and (66)% inhibition of A375cells.

Keywords: CuO NPs, Green synthesis, A375cells.

82. Ahmed Kadhim Fazaa Al-Ghanimi

The effect of soil management method on some characteristics of limestone soils in the Muthanna desert

Abstract: Four areas were selected in the Al-Rehab region, the desert of Muthanna Governorate, which differ in the management style, the duration of agricultural exploitation, and the quality of irrigation water. It was taken in each Pedon region and the morphological and chemical measurements were revealed and conducted, and it was found that the thickness of the A horizon ranged between 10-15 centimeters and the thickness of the B horizon between 25-45 centimeters in all study pedons. The administration style did not affect Hue, as all horizons were within the color (10YR) and chroma, as the colors ranged from light white to very bale brown (10 YR7/4) and white (10YR8/1), the soil texture was between Sandy loam, Sandy clay loam, Loamy Sand. As for the chemical properties, the percentage of lime CaCO3 ranged between (250-400) gm/km-1 and the percentage of gypsum ranged between (1.2-1.8) g. km-1 The electrical conductivity EC ranged between (3.9-18)ds.m-1, while the organic matter was between (2.1-13.5) and the CEC values ranged between (12-18Coml.kg), where the results showed that there are clear differences in the substance Organic, cation exchange capacity, carbonate distribution, and increased gypsum accumulation as a result of soil management.

Key words: soil management, calcareous soils

83. Alaa M. Ahmed1*, Mohammed F. Al Marjani1 and Ahmed M. Rheimah

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTION OF COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BESIDE PERSISTER PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATES

ABSTRACT: Persister cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed a wide-reaching public health problem. Although this medical concern, there is currently no effective means to remove P. aeruginosa persister cells. Nanoparticles containing cobalt oxide (Co3O4-NPs) were examined for their ability to impact the formation of biofilms and inhibit the growth of bacteria. Researchers found that Co3o4-NPs were effective against P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 19 mm and MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) results of 156 to 312 g/ml. The Co3O4-NPs with a titration of 10 mg/mL (76.54 per cent) had the maximum biofilm suppression activity, while a titration of 0.156 mg/ml had the lowest (11.50 per cent). According to the findings, P. aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells can benefit from the application of co3o4-NPs.

Keywords:   Persister cell, SEM, co3o4-NPs, Anti-biofilm action

84. Zaidoon Ahmad Alathami

THE IMPACT OF ASPHALT MATERIAL AND SOIL SALINITY ON CROP GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER

Abstract: The sunflower represents a significant economic annual plant (oil-producing and edible). Despite the fact that the sunflower is categorized as one of the most salt-tolerant plant types and is treated as a major plant in saline soil reclamation, the rate of its photosynthetic and growth are adversely influenced via high levels of salt in the soil, especially, when the groundwater level rises on the soil surface, which in turn causes the raising of soil salinity. Therefore, there is a critical need to control the accumulation of salt to increase sunflower crop yields. An evaluation of the impact of asphalt material, soil salinity, groundwater table depth, and soluble ions on the growth of sunflower crops is presented in this paper. Several treatments were used in this study; asphalt material, bitumen material, and controlling treatment. The experiments were conducted, calibrated, and validated during the season of spring in 2019. The obtained results show a considerable reduction in soil salinity and groundwater table depth regarding the asphalt material control aspect, and thus increasing the growth properties of the sunflower crops.

Keywords: Growth of Sunflower, Asphalt and Bitumen Materials, Soil Salinity, Soluble Ions, Groundwater Table Depth.

85. Seror A.Abdul Hussein, Neihaya H. Zaki and Khetam H.Rasool

Biological activities of purified prolidase from non - pathogenic E.coli

Abstract: Prolidase is a ubiquitous enzyme that acts a chief role in the metabolism of proline-rich proteins. The goal of this study extraction and purify prolidase from E. coli and evaluate some applications such as anti-biofilm and anticancer. Hundred stool Samples were collected from infants with breastfeeding, non- vomiting, and non-diarrhea to isolate E.coli bacteria, 16S rRNA gene (585 bp) was found in all isolates of E. coli via PCR identification. Depending on the qualitative method on prolidase agar, there were only 40 (80%) isolates could produce prolidase from 50 isolates which considered non-pathogens, then only 32 isolates revealed different levels in prolidase production with specific activity equal to (2.1U/mg) of E.coli MS12. Sucrose, casein, and 40Co were the best conditions for the production of prolidase by chosen isolate. Cold acetone precipitation and dialysis were used to extract enzyme and DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 column was used in purification with specific activity (2 U/ml) and (6.6 U/mg) protein. Prolidase showed the highest effect on biofilm at a concentration of 500 μg/ml against P. aeruginosa then E. coli, 65% and 60.3% respectively . Brain Tumor Cell Line (A127), Colorectal Adenocarcinoma cells (CaCo-2), and Normal embryonic liver cell line (WRL-68) were used to test the prolidase effect on these cell lines. An assay of MTT was used to detect the inhibiter concentration (IC50) values and cytotoxic effect of purified prolidase.

Keywords: E.coli, Prolidase, purification, antibiofilm, anticancer activity.

86. Riam Sabah Abbood and Noori M. Luaibi  

Some toxic effects of Sio2NPs on the functions with histological changes of liver and functions of thyroid gland hormones in female rats.

Abstract: This study was investigating the toxicity effect of Sio2NPs on thyroid gland and liver function in female rats, the experiment was included The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups including two  as treatment groups ( treated with a low dose (25mg/Kg  ) and high dose (100mg/Kg of body weight) of sio2 NPs and one group as a control, then each group of them was divided into three subgroups according to the injection periods of exposure (10, 20, and 30) days daily, then measure Thyroid function hormones (T3,T4,TSH) and liver function(GOT, GPT, ALK and TSB), the results revealedT3 demonstrated a significant decrease (p< 0.05) for the animals that exposed to SiO2 NPs at low and high doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) (during (10 days) when compared with the control group As well as, there was a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the level of T3 for all animals that treated with these doses during (20  and 30days)) in serum of animals that were treated with both doses of SiO2 NPs when compared with the control group (p< 0.05), while T4 showed decreasing in treated group during (10 and 20 , 30 days) compared to control group with highly significant ((p< 0.05), finally while TSH showed a highly  increasing in treated group during (10 and 20 , 30 days) compared to control group (p< 0.05). Moreover, the liver enzyme GOT, GPT, ALK, and TSB showed an increase in the treated group during (10 and 20) but the highest value was recorded during (30 days) compared to the control group (p< 0.05). Moreover, However Histological examination for liver tissues at a low dose (25mg/kg) of SiO2 NP during 10 showed like normal histological structure appearance of hepatic tissue with mild sinusoidal dilation but marked sinusoidal dilation with atrophy and apoptosis of hepatocytes in 20 days but after for 30 days showed very marked sinusoidal dilation with apoptosis and high atrophy hepatocytes and depletion of glycol protein While in high dose (100mg/kg) in 10, 20 days some sinusoidal dilation with atrophy and apoptosis of hepatocyte the, finally in 30-day depletion glycol protein, fatty change, an apoptotic cell with rare mitotic the study revealed dysfunction in the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) may lead to impaired liver functions causing a significant increase in Total bilirubin, GPT, GOT, ALK and histological changes.

Keyword: Sio2NP, thyroid gland, liver function, histological changes

87. Riam Sabah Abbood and Noori M. Luaibi  

Sub chronic intraperitoneal toxicity of Sio2NPs on body weight and thyroid gland hormones in female Rats.

Abstract: This study was investigating the toxicity effect of Sio2NPs on body weight and thyroid gland in female rats, the experiment was included The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups including two  as treatment groups ( treated with a low dose (25mg/Kg ) and high dose (100mg/Kg of body weight) of sio2 NPs and one group as a control, then each group of them was divided into three subgroups according to the injection periods of exposure (10, 20, and 30) days daily, then measure the body weight and Thyroid function hormones (T3,T4,TSH), the results showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the body weight of animals that exposed to SiO2 NPs at two doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) during (10 days) while increased during (20 , 30 days) but the highest value recorded in the animals that were treated for (30 days) at both doses. On the other side , the T3 findings recorded a significant decrease (p< 0.05) for the animals that exposed to SiO2 NPs at low and high doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) (during (10 days) when compared with the control group As well as, there was a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the level of T3 for all animals that treated with these doses during (20 and 3 days) in serum of animals that were treated with both doses of SiO2 NPs when compared with the control group (p< 0.05), while T4 showed s decreasing in treated group during (10 and 20 , 30 days) compared to control group with highly significant ((p< 0.05), finally while TSH showed a highly  increasing in treated group during (10 and 20 , 30 days) compared to control group (p< 0.05). The study revealed the Exposure to Sio2NPs at different concentrations caused structural, functional, and in the thyroid gland, characterized decrease T3 and T4 hormone levels and increase in the TSH hormone level, and caused hypothyroidism this lead to decrease in the metabolism process and thus the body weight of animals gained a significant increase.

Keywords: nanoparticles, Sio2NPs, Thyroid gland, T3, T4, TSH, Body weight, female rats

88. Ghena S. Al-Hadithi*, Hassan A. A. Al-Saady and Nebrass Faleh  

The role of vermicompost on yield and alkaloids concentration of fenugreek  

Abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different level of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18 g.pot-1), peat-moss (12mg.pot-1) and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) (1g.pot-1) on some yield components (length, No. and weight of pods and No. and weight of seeds) and alkaloids concentration in seed of fenugreek according to the complete randomized design with six replicates. The study was achieved by using high performance liquated chromatography (HPLC) technology. The analysis of HPLC data shows that the four alkaloids (choline, trigonelline, carpaine and gentianine) been separated and purified. The result showed that significant difference between different fertilizers levels on yield components and alkaloid concentration and treatment 12g.pot-1 give high value of studied characteristics mention above. Also, results showed that seed rich of trigonelline.  

Key words: alkaloids, vermicompost, trigonlline and fenugreek

89. Mais Zubair Jasim  and  Muna Saleem Khalaf

The effect of silver diamine fluoride on the microleakage of glass ionomer restoration in primary teeth at different time intervals

Abstract: Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has shown effectiveness in both hardening of tooth structure and killing bacteria. Therefore, it can be used for both prevention and arresting of dental caries. Riva Star (SDF) treatment alone will stop cavities but won't reverse the cavitation. The Silver Modified Atraumatic Procedure, often known as Smart, is the optimum technique for regaining the tooth's structure and function. Glass ionomer, was introduced in (1972) as a new material that has become one of the most widely used materials in restorative dentistry. This material by releasing fluoride ions, has a therapeutic impact on the surrounding tooth structure. Microleakage known as the ingress of bacteria, its byproducts, toxins, chemicals, oral fluids, and ions between the margins of the restoration and the cavity walls. Dental restoration lifetime is thought to be significantly influenced by microleakage at the tooth-restoration contact. Material and method: In this study we used 32 primary molars, class V cavities prepared on buccal surface of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups, group 1: 16 teeth treated with 38%SDF  8 of them restored directly with GIC filling and the other 8 restored after 14 days, Group 2: 16 teeth as control group left untreated with 38% SDF,8 teeth restored directly and 8 restored after 14 days. A samples were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue and then sectioned in bucco-lingual direction.  Dye penetration was measured with digital camera connected to stereomicroscope. Result: results of this study showed a significant difference in microleakage between two time intervals in which microleakage in GIC filling decreased at 14-days interval than that of first day interval in experimental group, while in control group microleakage at 14 days’ interval was higher than first day interval but it was not significant. Conclusion: Pretreatment the primary teeth with SDF can decrease the microleakage of GIC restoration. If placed after 14 days, the microleakage would be lesser than that if the restoration was placed directly after SDF treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that SDF treatment to be done followed by a permanent restoration after a 14 days’ period, so null hypothesis cannot to be accepted.

Keywords: Microleakage, Silver diamine fluoride, Glass ionomer filling, non-invasive dentistry

90. Galib, A . A. Alkaabi and D. Firas S. Al-Ani

Study Of Evaluating The Performance And Productivity Of A Potato Digger.

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of the Technical Institute in Shatrah 2022 to study the evaluation performance and productivity of the locally modified chain carrier potato. Slippage percentage, fuel consumption and machine productivity were studded in this research. The included use of three factors: the forward speed of the tractor at three levels, where it was (2.50,3.20 and 4.00 km / h) respectively, and the second factor was the speed of the chain conveyor at two levels 43 and 38 m /min and the third factor is a type of chain conveyor with two levels of iron bars and cloth -coated bars. The complete random design with three replications was used in the research. The results were statistically analyzed and the averages were tested in a way of least significant difference at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that the tractor speed 2.50 km / hr in recording the lowest slippage percentage reached 4.20%, while the speed get 4.00 km / hr on the lowest fuel consumption and the highest productivity digger.       

Keyword: Slippage percentage, fuel consumption, speed chain conveyor type

91. Zina Bakir Al-Hilli

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of the prepared Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

Abstract: Because of its exceptional chemical, physical, as well as biological features, graphene oxide (GO) has gained great attention. The Simplified Hammer's method was used in this study to synthesize GO nanosheets, which were then characterized by UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. GO's UV-Vis peak of absorption was at 230 nm. A peak of diffraction at 2θ= 10.75° was found in the XRD examination, equivalent to around 0.82 nm spacing among layers. In the FTIR spectra, characteristic peaks associated with oxygen functional groups of GO were identified. In SEM pictures, GO made up of crumpled thin nanosheets. The diffusion in agar well procedure was applied to investigate the effect of as-prepared GO nanosheets against gram-negative "Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi" and gram-positive "Enterococcus sp., Kocuria sp." Different concentrations of GO demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, with higher efficacy against gram-positive bacteria.

Key words: Graphene Oxide , Nanosheets, Antibacterial effect, XRD, SEM, FTIR.

92. Ahmed R. Kareem  and Athraa M. Alwaheb

The Impact Of The Socioeconomic Status(SES) On The Oral Health Status Among 15 Year-Old School Adolescents In Kerbala City/Iraq.

Abstract: Background: Dental caries, dental plaque, calculus and gingivitis are the most common and widely spread oral health conditions affecting humans at different ages. socioeconomic status was reported to be one of the factors affecting the severity of oral diseases. The aim of study included study the impact of socioeconomic status on the oral health variables and also to investigate the prevalence and severity of dental caries, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental calculus and to great data baseline for planning a future preventive programs. Materials and methods: The total sample composed of 500 male students at 15 years old selected randomly from the secondary schools in Karbala city. Assessment of the socioeconomic status using a questionnaire, Information about the students' socioeconomic status (SES) was obtained from the students' guardian. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were according to the criteria described by WHO (2013). gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) was followed for recording gingival health condition, Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, assessment of calculus was done by applying Ramfjord index (1959). Results: in this study found that high prevalence dental caries (95.60%) and the caries free students represent  (4.40%), the caries prevalence and severity represented by (DMFT)(DMFS) respectively and the  (FS) component of the DMF were significantly affected by the socioeconomic status (SES), Dental plaque and calculus are  more in low SES group than other groups ,with no significant differences, The mean of gingivitis of the total sample was(1.908), also finding gingivitis is more in low SES group than other groups with a Significant difference(0.011), and regarding the Gingival severity, all subjects have moderate type of gingivitis (1.1-2). Conclusion: A clear and significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in relation to the socioeconomic status of this adolescent group of students which requiring a good dental school health programs and improve the education level about the importance of oral health and more regular dental visits.

Keywords: Dental caries, oral health  , gingivitis, socioeconomic.

93. Noor Naeem Jasim, Rasha M. A. Al-humairi, Teeba Hashim Mohammad* and Ruwaida A. Hussein

Synergistic Treatment of Candida albicans Infected Mice by AgNPs Synthesis Penicillium chrysogenum

Abstract: Penicillium chrysogenum have been used for production of metal nanoparticles. It was experimentally showed that in biomass, silver nitrate ions are reduced to silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are synthesized from 1 mM silver nitrate. The external morphology of ground AgNPs was established by SEM analysis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and the  size of AgNO3 particles was observed to be 23 nm with particles being spherical in shape by AFM. In In vitro investigations the antifungal susceptibility of Candida al was calculated, and the results showed that the inhibitory effect of AgNPs synthesized with P. chrysogenum is increased with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, and the effective fungicidal concentration (EC50) was 1 ppm, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 100 ppm. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of C. albicans on kidneys in mice during infections was tested and thus indicated that the ability of kidneys was significantly enhanced when animals are treated with the combination of  AgNPs and  P. chrysogenum,. In this study, data from examination provide  a valuable preliminary statistics for using biosynthesized silver nanoparticle  in the management of various microorganisms.

Keywords: Candida albicans, AgNPs Synthesis, Penicillium chrysogenum

94. Mohanad Isawi and Tatiana Dolzhenko,

Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of acetamiprid polymeric nanocapsules

Abstract: Nanotechnology in agriculture has opened up new avenues for the development of nano-agrochemicals with the potential to improve efficacy, stability, effect duration, and environmental impact [1]. One of the challenges facing the agricultural industry is addressing issues such as chemical pesticide pollution, bioaccumulation, and pesticide resistance, which necessitates reducing the amount of pesticides sprayed on crops and finding ways to improve the specifications of these chemical pesticides. Nanotechnology has proven to be an appealing tool for accomplishing this goal since it gives novel methods for synthesizing and transporting the active ingredients, known as nanopesticides [1]. Nanocapsules of insecticides are a suitable alternative for this target[2]. The focus of ongoing research was on the preparation of a nanocapsules insecticide coated with a polymer that has slow releasing properties with enhanced solubility, permeability, and stability, these properties are mainly achieved through either protecting the encapsulated active ingredients by polymer from premature degradation and increasing their efficacy for a longer period. The preparation of the nanocapsule of the acetamiprid was performed by in polymerization technique using polymers polyethylene glycol and chitosan [2]. Acetamiprid nanocapsules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results (FE-SEM) and (DLS) measurements showed that acetamiprid nanocapsules particles in different shapes and sizes depending on the method of preparation. On this basis, the insecticide acetamiprid was incorporated into an improved encapsulated polymer system to demonstrate potential applications in pest control.

Keywords: acetamiprid nanocapsule, nanocapsules characterization, polymers.

95. Fatima Zidan Mahawi, Batool Hassan Al-Ghurabi

Human Neutrophil Peptide 1- 3 and Vitamin D Levels in Periodontitis

Abstract: Background: Human neutrophils peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) contribute to oral health by playing a role in innate response against oral diseases, owing to their antimicrobial, antiplaque and immunomodulatory activity. Vitamin D may reduce the risk of infection through multiple mechanisms and boosts innate immunity by modulating production of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine response. Aim of the study: This study was performed to evaluate the level of human HNP1-3 in periodontitis patients and controls, and to study the effect of vitamin D on the levels of that peptides in periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five subjects were enrolled in this an observational case control study with an age range (20-59) years. The subjects were divided into two groups; fifty patients with periodontitis and 35 healthy controls. Periodontal parameters used in this study were plaque index, gingival index bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, and then ELISA was done for estimation the levels of HNP1-3and vitamin D in patients and controls. Results: The finding revealed a significant increase (P˂0.01) in mean level of HNP1-3 among patients group in comparison to control group, moreover, there is no significant correlation with all parameters except gingival index, which has a significant result (r=0.367, p=0.009). On the other hand, this study showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in the mean level of vitamin D in patients compared to controls, and also that there was no significant decrease in the serum level of HNP1-3 among vitamin D insufficient group in comparison to vitamin D sufficient group. Conclusions: These results indicated that increased level of HNP1-3 and its correlation with GI provide evidence for an importance role of neutrophils in the inflammatory process in periodontitis.as well as vitamin D plays a role in antimicrobial peptides production.                   

Key words: periodontitis, antimicrobial peptides, human neutrophils peptides

96. Nafea. A. Jubair and Ahmed F. Z. Al-Dulaimy

Effect of Spraying with Micro-Elements, Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Some Yield Traits of Date Palm CV. Khastawi.

Abstract: The study was conducted in one of the private palm orchards in the district of Hit - Euphrates district on date palm trees (CV. Khastawi), aged 30 years, to find out the response of the date palm cultivar Khastawi to spraying with micro-elements at concentrations (0, 1 g L-1) and symbolized by (M0 and M1), and spraying with gibberellic acid at concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) and symbolized by (G0, G1, and  G2) respectively, and spraying with salicylic acid in concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) and symbols symbolized by (S0, S1, S2) respectively. 54 trees were selected as homogeneous as possible, and the number of fronds for palms and fruit cluster was unified. All service operations of the orchard were carried out in the same way as adding animal manure, pruning, pollination, watering, pest control and other service operations in a similar manner for all experimental units. The results showed that spraying with microelements at concentration (M1) showed a significant effect on all studied traits except for the non-reducing sugars content of the fruits and it amounted to (10.76 g, 15.63 kg cluster-1, 125.03 kg palm-1, 69.37%, 33.78%, 53.61%) this is for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars), respectively. Also, spraying with gibberellin showed a significant effect on the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids), and the treatment (G2) gave the highest values for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield), with 10.53 g, 15.46 kg cluster-1, 123.71 kg palm-1, respectively. Whereas, treatment (G0) achieved the highest value of total soluble solids (67.50%). On the other hand, salicylic spraying did not have a significant effect on the studied traits with the exception of total soluble solids, and reducing sugars. The concentration (S2) showed the best values for the two traits with 67.59%, 34.36%, respectively. The two-way interactions between the study factors showed a significant effect that varied according to the type of trait and the interaction factors. Whereas for the three-way interaction between the study factors reached the level of significance in all the studied traits. The greatest effect of the interactions was achieved according to the type of trait and the interacting factors, while the control treatment showed the lowest values of the most of the traits.

Key words: Date palm, Micro-elements, Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, Yield.

97. Hussein Ali shaghati1, Emad Hamdi Jassim2, Labib A. Kadhim AL-Zubaidi

Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Extract -Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Biofilm Formation of Klebsiella pneumonia

Abstract: The increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics has led to difficulties in treating infections due to its virulence factors. As one of its major pathogenic factors, this opportunistic pathogen may develop a thick biofilm coating, allowing the bacteria to attach to living or nonliving surfaces and promote drug resistance. It was necessary to search for therapeutic alternatives from a plant source that was safe and effective in treating this multi-drug resistance bacteria. In this concept, Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) are used to combat K. pneumonia. The extract was confirmed by GC-MS and loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles (SACSNPs). The SACSNPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method with tripolyphosphate (TPP). and then characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, and XRD techniques. The K. pneumonia isolates were obtained and identified using the VITEK-2 system and the MIC of SAE and SACSNPs were confirmed using a 96-well resazurin aided microdilution method, which was 6.25 μg/ml for SACSNPs and 75.5 μg/ml for SAE. The inhibitory activity using sub-MIC of analytical substances was determined by measuring the optical density using a microplate reader with a 96-well plate and 0.1% crystal violet dye. The results show the S. aromaticum extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles has higher inhibitory activity against the biofilm formation of K. pneumonia than S. aromaticum extract.

Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, S. aromaticum, K. pneumonia, Biofilm, GC-MS, resazurin, XRD.

98. Sammar Jassim Mahan 1,*, Mohammed Mahmood Mahammad 2 and Hassan Mutrtadha Hassan

The Impact of Diabetic Disease on Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Karbala. Iraq: Across sectional study

Abstract: The present study was aimed to assessment the health-related quality of life of a group of Iraqi diabetics in the city of Karbala, and to investigation the sociodemographic and disease-related factors that influence it. The present study included 200 Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Endocrinology Center/Al-Huja Hospital in Karbala between November 2020 and December 2021. A control group of 120 healthy people was also included. The Arabic version of the Short Form 8 was used to assess the medical quality of life. The measure used a 5-point Likert scale with responses ranging from 1 to 5. Each domain is scaled in the opposite way, so a greater score reflects a worse quality of life rating. In general, diabetes impacted the HRQoL of diabetic patients in a very significant level, with median scores for all HRQoL domains being significantly higher in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Obesity, education level, monthly incomeand glycemic control are all affected overall.Glycemic controlisthe most powerful variable influencing the total domains of HRQOL. In conclusion, Type 2DM showed the significantly lower health-related quality of life in various domains than healthy control subjects. Glycemic control isthe most powerful variable influencing all domainsof HRQoL.

Keywords: Health-Related Quality of Life; type 2 DM; Short Form

99. Hussein Ali Mutlag and Intesar N. Khelkal

Phylogenetic tree of Proteus spp. based on partial rpoB gene sequence analysis

ABSTRACT: Due to the importance of rpoB gene that proposed as an alternative biomarker for microbial community studies, thus this study has been came to focus on phylogenetic relationships among local Proteus clinical isolates. Fifty bacterial isolates were collected and identified phenotypically according to the culture, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. VITEK 2 compact system was used to confirm identification. Genotypic identification has been performed after DNA extraction for 10 selected isolates and amplification with rpoB gene specific primer and gel electrophoresis ,the products were detected with ( 1090 bp ) molecular size band which sent for Sanger sequencing using ABI3730XL automated DNA sequencer and data were analyzed and compared  with standard sequences in GenBank .The isolates have been registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession numbers  and named as (HIMUS1 ,HIMUS2, HIMUS3, HIMUS4, HIUS5, HIMUS6, HIMUS7,HIMUS8, HIMUS9 and HIMUS10 ). Phylogenetic tree was constructed for those ten strains using partial (895 bp) rpoB gene sequences. Evolutionary distances were calculated using the method of Maximum Composite Likelihood with 1000 bootstrap replicates using GENEIOUS software. The sequences presented a similarity percentages ranged between (98.76 - 100%) when compared with the sequences of standard strains in NCBI.  

Keywords: rpoB gene, Proteus spp. Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis.

100. Hussein Ali Mutlag and Intesar N. Khelkal

Identification of clinical Proteus isolates by using rpoB gene sequence analysis

ABSTRACT: Some bacterial genera and species couldn’t be identified by16S rRNA sequencing so rpoB gene has been suggested to be the alternative because the sequence of rpoB gene is more distinguished than the 16S rRNA gene to discriminate various species of bacteria. Thus this study has been designed to show the usefulness rpoB gene in accurate identification of Proteus clinical isolates. Fifty bacterial isolates were collected and identified phenotypically according to the culture, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. VITEK 2 compact system was used to confirm identification. Genotypic identification has been performed after DNA extraction for 10 selected isolates and amplification with rpoB gene specific primer and gel electrophoresis, the products were detected with (1090 bp) molecular size band which sent for Sanger sequencing using ABI3730XL automated DNA sequencer and data were analyzed and compared with standard sequences in GenBank. It has been concluded that identification and discrimination of Proteus species by rpoB gene sequence analysis is more correct and accurate.  

Keywords: 16S rRNA, rpoB gene, Proteus spp. identification, sequencing